Exploring associations with depressive and anxiety symptoms among Syrian patients with ankylosing spondylitis undergoing biological treatment: A cross-sectional study.

People with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are vulnerable group to experience mood disorders. It is crucial to identify factors that contribute to depression and anxiety in order to improve outcomes. This study seeks to determine the rates of depression and anxiety in Syrian AS patients, as well as identify potential predictors for these conditions. This cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling at the Biological Treatment Unit of the Rheumatology Department of the Damascus Hospital. Data were collected from face-to-face interviews with patients using validated structural questionnaire. A multivariate linear regression model was used to investigate potential predictive factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms. Of the 103 patients, 49.5% showed clinically significant depressive symptoms, and 36.9 % showed clinically significant anxiety symptoms. Multivariate linear regression indicated that depressive and anxiety symptoms were predicted by job layoff, hip pain, positive history of mental distress, poor quality of life, severe fatigue, and high frequency of sleep disturbance with relatively high explanatory powers. depressive and anxiety symptoms were predicted by disease activity scores but with low explanatory power. This study demonstrated high levels of that depressive and anxiety symptoms among Syrian patients with AS undergoing biological treatment. Poor quality of life, severe fatigue, and high-frequency sleep disturbances are major predictive factors for depressive and anxiety symptoms. Screening for depression and anxiety holds significant importance in the comprehensive management of ankylosing spondylitis even in the context of concurrent biological treatment administration.

Prevalence of childhood obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and its role in daytime sleepiness in Syria: a large-scale school-based cross-sectional study.

Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) has become vastly conceded in the last decade as a possible reason for significant morbidity in childhood. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of OSAS among school children and to assess the interrelationship between OSAS and daytime sleepiness. Methods and materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 1029 children and adolescents aged 6-15 years attending elementary and secondary schools in Damascus, Syria. The questions involved 19 sleep problems items using the children sleep habits questionnaire, and 4 sleep disorder items (loud snoring, having snorts or gasps, breathing pauses, daytime sleepiness). Total sleep time (TST) was determined by sleep habits. Severe possible OSAS (p-OSAS) was addressed as having all OSA symptoms "frequently", and mild p-OSAS was defined as having any of the symptoms "sometimes". Severe and mild daytime sleepiness were rated as being very sleepy during the day "frequently", and "sometimes", respectively. Logistic regression was applied to predict risk factors of severe and mild daytime sleepiness. Results: The prevalence of p-OSAS was 22.2%, of them 15.8% were mild, and 6.3% were severe. p-OSAS was more recognized in males 15.2% children (P<0.05). Most p-OSAS children sleep less than 6 h of TST; however; the mean TST was significantly lower at the secondary school level (P≤0.001). Predicted risk factors for severe and mild daytime sleepiness were students' grade level (P<0.05), severe and mild p-OSAS (P≤0.001), and TST less than 6 h (P≤0.001). Conclusions: A significant number of children have p-OSAS, affecting daytime sleepiness in school age. Physicians should consider loud snoring, and breathing pauses as marked symptoms of severe daytime sleepiness. Moreover, raising parents awareness about OSAS and daytime sleepiness is essential to ensure early access to primary care.

Prevalence of Ménière's Disease in Syrian Patients with hypothyroidism: Cross-sectional study.

Background: Ménière's Disease, a long-term debilitating disorder has been increasingly found among patients with hypothyroidism. Our study aims to evaluate the prevalence of ménière's disease among hypothyroid patients and assess the interrelationship between patients' symptomology and ménière's disease. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at the endocrinology clinics at Damascus Hospital and Syrian Red Crescent Hospital, Damascus, Syria between September 2021 and January 2022. Patients with hypothyroidism were interviewed using a questionnaire. The questionnaire contained questions about socio-demographic information, hypothyroid history, diagnostic criteria of ménière's disease, chief complaint, medical history, and lab test results. Patients, who reported ménière's disease symptoms, were referred to the otorhinolaryngology clinic for confirmation or exclusion of ménière's disease. At the clinic, patients underwent an otoscopy and a pure tone audiometry, probable and definite ménière's disease was diagnosed accordingly. Results: Of 217 hypothyroid patients included in the sample, 17 (7.8%) were diagnosed with definite ménière's disease and 31 (14.3%) were diagnosed with probable ménière's disease. Hypothyroid symptoms reported among patients diagnosed with definite ménière's disease compared to no diagnosis differed by feeling low (χ2 (1, 217) = 4.014, p = 0.045), and depressive appearance (χ2 (1, 217) = 8.887, p = 0.003). Patients diagnosed with definite ménière's disease, probable ménière's disease, and both definite and probable ménière's disease were more likely to report that their symptoms affected their lifestyle compared to those that reported no effect (χ2 (3, 217) = 62.565, p < 0.001), (χ2 (3, 217) = 31.380, p < 0.001), and (χ2 (3, 217) = 35.542, p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusion: A high number of hypothyroid patients were diagnosed with MD. Clinicians should consider clinically screening for MD among hypothyroid patients presenting to clinics.

Social and psychosocial factors affecting eating habits among students studying at the Syrian Private University: A questionnaire based cross-sectional study.

Syrian eating habits are trending towards westernized patterns that are high in carbohydrates, fats, and meat. This accompanied by an increasingly sedentary lifestyle has affected young adults' dietary habits. As a consequence, obesity and overweight young adults are significantly increasing in prevalence. This study aims to assess the pattern of eating habits and their relation with psychosocial factors among university students. A cross-sectional study was conducted among Syrian Private University students using a self-administrated questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of 3 sections: socio-demographic characteristics, eating habits, and psychosocial factors. Each item from the eating habits questionnaire was scored "1" if the response was healthy or "0" if the response was unhealthy. All items were summed and the total score was obtained for each student. Students' scores were summed and divided by the total number of students to deduce the total mean of eating habits. Hierarchical multivariate linear regression was used to evaluate factors associated significantly with eating habit score and psychological factors. Of 728 students included in the study 398 (54.7%) were females. Overweight and obese participants represented 154 (21.4%) and 49 (6.8%) respectively. Around 316 (43.4%) were smokers and 135 (18.5%) drank alcohol. Only 259 (36.0%) students reported they adopted healthy eating habits. Of them, 233 (32%) and 306 (42%) ate meals and breakfast regularly respectively. Participants' had a moderate eating habits score; the mean total was 5.96 (SD ± 1.95). Multivariate analysis revealed that non-smokers (p < 0.001), exercising (p = 0.002), living with family (p < 0.001), and eating because of feeling happy (p = 0.014) were factors significantly associated with eating habits score and psychological factors. While R2 adjusted were 0.109 and 0.117 in the first and second model, the total model accounted for 13.2% of variance. Half of the students demonstrated unhealthy eating habits. The identified socio-demographic and psychological factors were significantly affecting students' eating habits. These findings can be used to provide targeted lifestyle modification advice via health promotion programs towards these specific groups.

Hysterectomy after a failed conservative management of placenta increta: A case report.

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Conservative management of placenta accreta is a recent approach demarcated by leaving the placenta in situ. It can be applied either after a failed attempt to remove the placenta manually or without previous attempts. CASE PRESENTATION: In this case, we present a 31-years-old woman who was diagnosed with placenta increta during the cesarean section. Surgeons tried to remove the placenta manually, but they have failed and left the placenta in situ to avoid performing a hysterectomy on the patient. CASE PRESENTATION: Inappropriate follow-up clinically ultrasound results in severe bleeding and subsequent emergent urges to conduct a hysterectomy to save the patient's life. CONCLUSION: Conservative management requires a close follow-up using ultrasonography to avoid any fatal complications.

Assessing diagnostic radiology knowledge among Syrian medical undergraduates.

BACKGROUND: The role of radiology in medicine and healthcare is rapidly expanding worldwide, but awareness about this field among medical students is poor. This is the first study to assess Syrian medical students' knowledge and attitude regarding radiology. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at the Syrian Private University, on November 8, 2019, on the International Day of Radiology during the war crisis. Data were collected through self-administered surveys and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: The questionnaire was completed by 269 students whose ages ranged between 17 and 30 years old. Males constituted 63.6% of the respondents. The results revealed adequate knowledge about the basics of radiology. 73.6% of the students had previously heard about interventional radiology. There were slight misconceptions with certain points in each section, especially those pertaining to the radiation exposure of each imaging method. Finally, the students expressed low interest in radiology as a future career (24.5%). CONCLUSIONS: The level of awareness can affect a student's decision in considering radiology as a future career. Further evaluation of the methods of teaching, input from medical boards, curriculum advisors, and guidance from radiologists is required.

Prevalence and behavior regarding cigarette and water pipe smoking among Syrian undergraduates.

BACKGROUND: The devastating Syrian crisis has raised concern regarding the social acceptance of smoking especially with water pipe use becoming a growing epidemic. We aim to determine the prevalence of cigarette and water pipe smoking among university students, along with identifying the addictive behavior among university students. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Syrian Private University during World No-Tobacco Day, in Damascus, Syria during the war crisis. The survey consists of 4 sections: socio-demographic information, Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence, attitude towards water pipes, and perspective about smoking. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Sciences version 25.0 (SPSS Inc., United States.). RESULTS: Of the 622 participants, 429 (69%) were males with a mean age of 21.3 ± 3.1 years. The prevalence of tobacco smoking was 320 (51.4%), 208 (23.8%) for cigarettes, and 112 (18.0%) for water pipe. Smoking was significantly higher among male non-medical university students. The majority were low to moderate dependent when assessed by the Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed a very high prevalence of smoking indicating the need for smoking cessation programs, access to effective quitting treatments, and mass media campaigns to diminish smoking among the youth.