ABSTRACT
The subgingival microflora of 18 failing implants were examined for pathogenic periodontal microorganisms. Peptostreptococcus micros was recovered from 6 failing implants, Wolinella recta from 6, Fusobacterium species from 5, Candida albicans from 5, and Bacteroides intermedius from 4. Enteric rods or pseudomonads constituted a significant part of the microflora in 5 failing implants. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, nonpigmented Bacteroides species, Capnocytophage species, and staphylococci were detected in a few implant failures. The present study showed that a complex microflora comprising oral as well as primarily non oral organisms, and bacteria as well as yeasts, can be associated with failing implants. This great diversity in microbial composition and antimicrobial susceptibility among "peri-implantitis" isolates suggest that antimicrobial therapies for implant failures should not be implemented without a prior comprehensive microbiological analysis.
Subject(s)
Dental Implantation, Endosseous/adverse effects , Osseointegration , Periodontium/microbiology , Prosthesis Failure , Actinobacillus/isolation & purification , Aged , Bacteroides/isolation & purification , Candida albicans/isolation & purification , Capnocytophaga/isolation & purification , Enterobacter/isolation & purification , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Eubacterium/isolation & purification , Female , Fusobacterium/isolation & purification , Humans , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Male , Middle Aged , Peptostreptococcus/isolation & purification , Periodontium/pathology , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/isolation & purification , Staphylococcus/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
Gingival biopsies were obtained from 23 children, aged 5-11 years (8.6 +/- 1.8 years). Specimens were taken from areas of the gingiva adjacent to the teeth which were to be extracted because of caries or its sequelae and which clinically had a gingival index score of at least 1. Staining for alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase with unspecific esterase at pH 5.8 (ANAE) permitted identification of T lymphocytes, monocytes/macrophages, plasma cells and non-reactive (ANAE-negative) cells. Cells which tentatively were identified as "natural killer" (NK) cells were also observed. Differential cell counting was performed for 10 specimens, selected on the basis of the presence of a well-defined inflammatory infiltrate, clear morphology throughout and good ANAE staining. Cell counts confirmed earlier studies showing that lymphocytes predominate in the inflammatory infiltrates in childrens' gingivitis. T lymphocytes dominated particularly in the periphery of the most densely infiltrated areas. Relatively few plasma cells were seen. It was concluded that T lymphocytes dominate in the inflammatory infiltrate in childrens' gingivitis.
Subject(s)
Gingivitis/pathology , Cell Count , Child , Child, Preschool , Connective Tissue/pathology , Epithelium/pathology , Female , Gingiva/metabolism , Gingiva/pathology , Gingivitis/metabolism , Histocytochemistry , Humans , Leukocyte Count , Macrophages/pathology , Male , Monocytes/pathology , Plasma Cells/pathology , T-Lymphocytes/pathologyABSTRACT
Loss of crestal alveolar bone at primary teeth was ascertained radiographically in a dental school clinical population of 2264 children. 19 patients (0.84%) demonstrated distinct periodontal bone destruction around one or more primary teeth; in only 2 of these patients had periodontal disease been identified in previous clinical examinations. A microbiological study of 35 subgingival samples from 9 available patients revealed a high prevalence of black-pigmented Bacteroides spp., mainly Bacteroides intermedius. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Capnocytophaga spp. were predominant organisms in some samples. The present data indicate that localized prepubertal periodontitis is more common than previously realized and is associated with bacteria generally regarded as major periodontal pathogens.
