ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Two of each three women in their menopause present climacterical syndrome, showing frequently psychological symptoms, which is translated in diminution of the personal satisfaction, which generates the necessity of specialized attention. OBJECTIVE: To know the presence and frequency of psychological symptoms, before and after a psychotherapeutic process with a psychodynamic approach, in a group of women in their menopause. PATIENTS AND METHOD: The sample consisted of 41 women divided in two groups, with pre and post application of the survey of symptoms, group 1 received psychotherapy and group 2 did not, although it required it, for this reason it was considered the control. The psychotherapy consisted of 17 sessions and the used techniques most frequently were: confrontation, clarification and interpretation. RESULTS: Differences in the diminution as in the absence of symptoms were observed as much after the psychotherapeutic process. CONCLUSIONS: The psychoanalytic psychotherapy is functional in this type of patients for the diminution and in some cases the disappearance of psychological symptoms.
Subject(s)
Climacteric/psychology , Psychotherapeutic Processes , Adult , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: An important consideration is to specify the areas of conflict that will be worked on during the psychotherapeutic process in order to develop a specific psychological model for a group intervention with menopausal women. OBJECTIVE: To determine the most relevant areas of psychological conflict for women in the menopausal stage by means of a focalization technique. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A descriptive, cross-sectional, longitudinal study with non-experimental design was done in 29 patients from the Perinatology National Institute of Mexico (INPer). Two groups were formed (A and B), each one with 17 participants; however, in the first session only 12 women from group A assisted. Seventeen therapy sessions were analyzed. Group formation and the number of sessions were based on research and patients needs. Women were given psychotherapeutic care once a week at the psychology department of INPer, for 90 minutes by session. Psychotherapeutic management during sessions was in charge of psychologist responsible of climacteric program of psychology department; while Gesell chamber observer was a psychologist with groups' specialization. For the statistical analysis frequency measures were used. RESULTS: Eleven areas were identified, which showed a great similarity in both groups. Main ones were: relation of the patient to relatives or extensive family, relation to the partner and relation to the children. CONCLUSIONS: This work favors a dynamic therapeutic process with the patients, in addition to being a technique, which provides structure and guidance during menopause.
Subject(s)
Conflict, Psychological , Menopause/psychology , Psychotherapy, Group/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Antecedentes. La adolescente se embaraza por factores estresantes que se asocian a la depresión, entre los que se encuentran el desarrollo propio de la adolescencia. Los apoyos con los que la paciente cuenta son de vital importancia para la reducción de la vulnerabilidad hacia la depresión. Objetivo. Conocer el nivel de depresión en adolescentes mexicanas pacientes del INPer. que se embarazan por primera vez siendo solteras e identificar los factores asociados. Material y método. Grupo de estudio. Se estudiaron 172 adolescentes, a partir del 2o. trimestre de embarazo, pacientes del INPer que cumplieron con los requisitos de inclusión. Se excluyeron casos de violación e incesto. Instrumentos. Se aplicó una entrevista precodificada. Para evaluar el nivel de depresión se utilizó la Escala de Depresión del Centro Epidemiológico de Radloff. Análisis. Se llevaron a cabo cuatro regresiones para identificar los mejores predictores de cada área conceptual, los cuales fueron incluídos posteriormente en una última regresión. Resultados. El nivel de depresión en el grupo de estudio varió de 0 a 47 puntos. Referente a los factores socio-demográficos explicaron únicamente 9 por ciento de la varianza. En las variables de personalidad, los predictores significativos explican el 31 por ciento de la varianza del nivel de depresión. En el área de apoyos familiares explicaron el 15 por ciento de la varianza del nivel de depresión. En la relación de pareja, se explicó un 8 por ciento de la varianza. Tomando los predictores significativos de las cuatro áreas, las de mayor importancia son la de personalidad y apoyos familiares. Conclusiones. Por lo anterior se puede decir que la depresión a pesar de ser un fenómeno multideterminado, las áreas de mayor influencia para la presencia de ésta son: la personalidad y la sociodemográfica; dentro de la primera se observó que si, las jóvenes tienen bajas expectativas a raíz del embarazo. En cuanto al área sociodemográfica el factor principal fue el hacinamiento, observando que al presentarse éste existirá mayor probabilidad de encontrar síntomas depresivos
