ABSTRACT
Paracetamol (PAR) is a commonly used antipyretic and analgesic agent, but its excessive usage can induce liver damage and major health consequences. Interleukin-35 (IL-35) is utilized to treat immunological disorders, intestinal illness, arthritis, allergic disease, hepatitis, and cancer. Thymoquinone (THYO) is also effective against a wide range of disorders. Consequently, this study sought out to explore the ameliorative effects of IL-35 and THYO against PAR-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Sixty male rats were separated into six groups (10 rats/group): I control (0.5 mL NaCl, 0.9%/rat via oral gavage); II (IL-35), and III (TYHO) received intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of IL-35 (200 ng/kg) or THYO (0.5 mg/kg), respectively. Group IV (PAR) received 600 mg/kg of PAR orally; V (PAR + IL-35) and VI (PAR + TYHO); rats received 600 mg/kg of PAR orally and i.p injection of IL-35 (200 ng/kg) or THYO (0.5 mg/kg), respectively. Administration of IL-35 or THYO markedly mitigated the increasing in the levels of liver parameters triggered by PAR and noticeable enhancement of antioxidant and immunological markers were observed. Additionally, IL-35 or THYO decreased TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-10, IL-6 and IFN-γ in contrast to the PAR control group. Moreover, levels of Capase-3, and cytochrome C were significantly reduced by THYO or IL35, while, levels of Bcl-2 were markedly increased. Furthermore, significant downregulation of IL1-ß, TNF-α, TGF-ß, and Caspas-3 genes, as well as significant upregulation of Bcl-2 and IL-10 expression were detected. In conclusion, IL-35 and THYO insulated liver from PAR toxicity by mitigating oxidative stress, tissue damage, inflammation, and apoptosis.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a condition that has significant impact on public health. Recent exciting studies have linked chronic gastritis and H. pylori infection to obesity. Chronic gastritis has shown increased prevalence in obesity, more particularly H. pylori-related gastritis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of chronic gastritis in morbidly obese patients who were subjected to sleeve gastrectomy, with focus on H. pylori-related gastritis. The aim was to demonstrate any influence on chronic gastritis of the surgical procedure or its post-operative course. METHODS: One hundred six morbidly obese patients were subjected to vertical sleeve gastrectomy in King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) from March 2014 to April 2015. After full pre-operative preparation, sleeve gastrectomy was carried out, followed by histological examination of the specimen to view the chronic gastritis and H. pylori-related cases. All epidemiological data of the patients, including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), as well as mean operative time, length of hospital stay, and post-operative complications were documented and analyzed by IBM-SPSS version 22. RESULTS: Female patients presented the higher prevalence, i.e., 66% among the group of patients with sleeve resection, while 33% had chronic gastritis and 8.5% had H. pylori-related gastritis. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the high prevalence of chronic gastritis in morbidly obese patients with reference to the high incidence of H. pylori-related gastritis among them, however no relationship was found between this infection and the post-operative outcome.
