ABSTRACT
Upon examination of epipsocid specimens recently collected in natural areas of Colombia, Mexico and Peru, 17 new species of Goja were found. These are here described and illustrated. An updated key for the identification of males of the described species of Goja is presented.
Subject(s)
Insecta , Neoptera , Animals , Colombia , Male , Mexico , PeruABSTRACT
We here describe and illustrate the following 14 new species of Loneura: altaquerensis; carijona; javierensis; koreguaje; magdalenensis; misak; murui; nonuya; occidentalis; orucapu; tatama; tayronensis; tendalensis; zuluagai. These are based on specimens recently collected in natural areas of Colombia; the females of L. colombiana García Aldrete et al., and L. gorgonaensis García Aldrete et al., are also described. The new species are assigned to the infrageneric groups recognized in the genus. The number of species of Loneura is raised to 35, of which 21 (73.2%) are from Colombia, making this country the most species rich for the genus. An identification key to the males of Loneura is included.
Subject(s)
Insecta , Neoptera , Animals , Colombia , Female , MaleABSTRACT
We describe and illustrate 15 species of Ptiloneura, from Colombia and Peru. The number of species of Ptiloneura is raised to 34, of which 28 (82.3%) are Colombian. One species is from Brazil, four species are from Peru, one is from Nicaragua and two species are from Venezuela. Two species are shared between Colombia and Peru, one species is shared between Colombia and Venezuela, and 25 species are endemic to Colombia. An identification key to the males and a phylogenetic analysis of Ptiloneura are included.
Subject(s)
Insecta , Animals , Colombia , Male , Peru , PhylogenyABSTRACT
Lachesilla is the most species-rich psocid genus, with 341 species grouped into 19 species groups (with at least 100 undescribed species), plus an additional undescribed species group. We present the first phylogenetic analysis of Lachesilla and a discussion on the relationships of sister genera of the subfamily Lachesillinae. We codified a matrix of 60 morphological characters (16 multistate and 44 binary) formed by 44 terminals: 37 ingroup species and seven outgroup species. A phylogenetic analysis was performed using Maximum Parsimony (MP) as optimality criterion, under equal weights and implied weights approaches. Monophyly of Lachesilla is not recovered, showing a polyphyletic genus divided in two major clades: clade A, composed of the pedicularia species group + Nadleria, and clade B, including the remaining species groups. The implied weights analysis produced a hypothesis with Hemicaecilius as sister group of clade B, nesting seven subclades mainly with low branch support values (symmetric resampling and bootstrap). These results suggest that all species groups, included in this analysis, can be considered monophyletic clades based on several synapomorphies, despite the andra species group was split up showing that L. punctata + L. dentata cluster together with high branch support values, but L. tehuautlensis and L. falcicula were recovered in different subclades.
Subject(s)
Neoptera , Animals , Phylogeny , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
In Brazil, the production of dried herbs and condiments is on a smaller scale than that of its other agricultural sectors; however, it has been growing and attracting new producers, driven by the stimulus to provide healthy and gourmet foods. Insects in the order Psocoptera may cause loss of quality in such dried foods, and because of their small size, these insects can be easily transported by commerce. No information is available on how these insects may be entering Brazil via the importation of dehydrated products or how they may be exported with the increase of Brazilian dried food production. To examine these issues, 10 sites offering foods sold in bulk within the city of São Paulo, Brazil, were chosen. At each food site, the same 20 species of aromatic spice and medicinal dehydrated plants were purchased. In the laboratory, they were analyzed for the presence of insects immediately after acquisition. After removal of nymphal and adult psocopterans, the plants were kept in vials under environmental conditions to be investigated 40 days later. Psocopterans were found in 12 of the 20 dehydrated plant species. Eleven psocopteran species were recorded, including six species of unidentified Liposcelis. Liposcelis bostrychophila (Badonnel) was found in all samples with the presence of insects. The other frequent species were Liposcelis entomophila (Enderlein) and Lepinotus reticulatus (Enderlein). Lepinotus reticulatus constitutes the first record in Brazil. In total, 1,021 insects were recorded in the evaluation right after purchase, and this number grew to 3,734 individuals recovered 40 days later under laboratory conditions. The data show that in a relatively short period of storage, a population increase occurs that may cause loss of product quality and a decrease in organoleptic properties. Thus, it is necessary to have greater surveillance of the products so that consumers have access to quality dehydrated foods.
Subject(s)
Food Parasitology , Insect Control , Insecta/growth & development , Spices , Animals , Brazil , Insect Control/methods , Spices/parasitologyABSTRACT
Two species of Waoraniella from Valle del Cauca, represented by both sexes, are here described and illustrated. The new species were found in the Andean region, between 1000-2000 m above sea level, constituting the first record of the genus outside the Amazon Basin. An identification key and a distribution map of the known Waoraniella species is included.
Subject(s)
Insecta , Animals , Colombia , Euphorbiaceae , Female , MaleABSTRACT
The genus Prolachesilla Mockford & Sullivan presently includes nine species, all described when the genus was erected; since then, no other species have been discovered. Here, we describe and illustrate one Bolivian and three Mexican species. This is the first record of Prolachesilla from Bolivia. A key to the species of the genus is included.
Subject(s)
Insecta , Animals , Bolivia , MexicoABSTRACT
Seven species of Loneura from natural areas of Valle del Cauca, Colombia, are described and illustrated. The female of L. andina is described for the first time. Two additional species, known only from the National Natural Park Gorgona (Cauca), are also recorded in Valle del Cauca. The new species are assigned to the infrageneric groups known in the genus. An identification key to males of Loneura is included.
Subject(s)
Insecta , Animals , Colombia , Female , MaleABSTRACT
Three new species of Graphocaecilius Enderlein are here described and illustrated; the species were found in the Colombian departments of Valle del Cauca and Risaralda, raising to five the number of species of this genus in Colombia, making it the most species rich country for Graphocaecilius in South America. A key to the species in the genus is included.
Subject(s)
Insecta/anatomy & histology , Insecta/classification , Animals , Colombia , Female , Male , Tropical Climate , Wings, Animal/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
Two species of Lachesilla, in the pedicularia species group, from the Colombian Amazonia, are here described and illustrated. Also, a record of L. asymmetriproctus García Aldrete, for the Colombian Department of Putumayo is provided. An identification key to Lachesilla species in the pedicularia group with a single male clunial apophysis is presented, together with a diagnosis of this assemblage of species. A table is included indicating the distribution of Lachesilla species with one and two male clunial apophyses. The species treated in this paper constitute the first lachesillids known from the Department of Putumayo, Colombia.
