ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the overall development level in children ages 0 to 4 who live in very depressed socioeconomic and cultural conditions. DESIGN: This study is observational, cross-sectional, and prospective. SETTING: The study was carried out in four types of communities in the state of Jalisco, Mexico: migrant, indigenous, rural, and irregular urban communities on the outskirts of cities. PARTICIPANTS: 1277 children under the age of 4 years, who live in the communities selected for the study. PRINCIPAL MEASUREMENTS: Evaluation of the overall development level was based on the Jalisco Scale for Evaluation of Overall Development, which is designed especially for socioeconomically and culturally depressed groups in Mexico. RESULTS: The average development score found in the children was 71.7, which is considered moderately low according to the 3 classification levels of adequate, moderately low, and low. Only 30.4% of the children achieved scores in the adequate category. All the children are considered to live in a high-risk psychosocial environment, which explains the low scores in overall development as evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Differences were observed in some variables within the uniformly low social level of the subjects studied. These differences could be considered as an indication of greater risk within a group that is already high-risk. In cases of overall development that is very low, mothers do not perceive that children have any problems at the time the study is being conducted. This could imply that these mothers do not respond proactively to community education and/or health programs that focus on early intervention.
Subject(s)
Child Development , Age Factors , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cultural Deprivation , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Mexico , Mothers , Population Groups , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Rural Population , Socioeconomic Factors , Transients and Migrants , Urban PopulationABSTRACT
Objetivo. Determinar el nivel de desarrollo madurativo en niños de 0 a 4 años que viven en condiciones socioeconómicas y culturales muy deprimidas. Diseño. Se trata de un estudio observacional, transversal y prospectivo. Emplazamiento. El trabajo se llevó a cabo en comunidades de migrantes, indígenas, rurales y urbanas marginales de Jalisco. Participantes. Un total de 1.277 niños menores de 4 años que habitaban en las comunidades determinadas para el estudio. Mediciones principales. Se evaluó el desarrollo madurativo según la Escala Jalisco de Evaluación del Desarrollo Madurativo, que está diseña especialmente para grupos socioeconómicamente y culturalmente deprimidos de México. Resultados. El promedio de desarrollo madurativo encontrado en los niños fue de 71,7, lo que se considera moderadamente bajo, de acuerdo con los 3 niveles de clasificación construidos: adecuado, moderadamente bajo y bajo. Sólo el 30,4 por ciento de los niños logró una clasificación de desarrollo madurativo adecuado. Todos los niños están considerados como pertenecientes a un ambiente psicosocial de alto riesgo, lo que explica las bajas calificaciones en el desarrollo madurativo evaluado. Conclusiones. Dentro de la homogeneidad del bajo nivel social de los sujetos estudiados se observaron diferencias en algunas variables que pueden ser consideradas como de mayor riesgo dentro de un grupo ya de alto riesgo. En los casos con un desarrollo madurativo muy bajo, las madres de familia no perciben que el niño tenga algún problema en el momento del estudio. Esto podría implicar una respuesta no proactiva de estas madres ante programas comunitarios de educación y/o de salud destinados a la intervención temprana (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Child, Preschool , Infant , Child Development , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Population Groups , Urban Population , Cultural Deprivation , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mothers , Rural Population , Socioeconomic Factors , Age Factors , Mexico , Transients and MigrantsABSTRACT
This paper presents the results of the identification and association of certain family characteristics of type II diabetes patients in relation with its metabolic control in 121 families of tw o health centers of Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico in 1989. The attitude an d information about of the sickness, and the complications and therapeutics were evaluated through psychosocial evaluations. The majority of the family members showed a negative attitude and a profound understanding of the disease process. Only a 16.5 per cent of the patients were under control, and found a strong association between lack of control and nuclear family involved in the last cycles of this type of unit: independence and retirement.
