ABSTRACT
The pathogenesis of chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) is not completely understood although autoimmunity has been proposed. The aim of the study was to assess the expression of different leukocyte antigens, by flow cytometry, assaying total blood of 29 patients with CIU and of 20 sex and age matched controls. Moreover, we assessed soluble CD154 a marker of immune cell activation, predominantly memory T cells. When patients were divided depending an their response to the autologous serum skin test (ASST), three different groups were encountered: group 1 (n=11): with negative ASST-, group 2 (n=11): positive ASST (ASST+) with normal lymphocyte counts and group 3 (n=7): ASST+ with low lymphocyte counts (< 1500 cells/mm3). A significant increase in CD19+ percentage and not in the absolute count (P < 0.05) was observed in group 1 as compared to controls and to the other groups. In contrast, CD30+, CD45RO+ and CD4+/CD45RO+ percentages and biologically active soluble CD154 levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in group 3 as compared to group 1 or to controls. In ASST positive groups, CD45RO+ and CD4+/CD45RO+ positiveness correlates with wheal diameter. In conclusion, memory cells may play a role in these different types of patients and in understanding CIU pathogenesis.
Subject(s)
Immunologic Memory , Urticaria/immunology , Adult , Antigens, CD/immunology , Chronic Disease , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Female , Flow Cytometry , Humans , Immunophenotyping , Leukocyte Count , Lymphocyte Count , Male , Middle Aged , Skin Tests , T-Lymphocytes/immunology , Urticaria/blood , Urticaria/diagnosis , Urticaria/etiologyABSTRACT
La patogénesis de la urticaria crónica idiopática (CIU) no se conoce completamente; sin embargo, la autoinmunidad juega un papel importante en un subgrupo de pacientes. El objetivo de este estudio fue la determinación de antígenos leucocitarios en sangre total, utilizando citometría de flujo, de 29 pacientes con CIU y 20 controles de similar edad y sexo. Adicionalmente, se determinó el CD154 soluble como marcador de activación de células inmunes, predominantemente linfocitos T de memoria. Se describieron 3 grupos de pacientes de acuerdo al resultado de la prueba de suero antólogo (ASST): grupo 1: negativo (n = 11), grupo 2: prueba positiva y contaje linfocitario normal (n = 11) y grupo 3 prueba positiva y contaje linfocitario bajo (< 1500 células/mm3) (n = 7). En el grupo 1, se observó un aumento significativo (P < 0,05) en el porcentaje de células CD19+ aunque no en su número absoluto cuando se comparó con los controles y los pacientes con ASST +. En contrapartida, el porcentaje de células positivas para CD30, CD45RO y CD4/CD45RO y los niveles de CD154 soluble biológicamente activo fueron significativamente mayores (P < 0,05) en el grupo 3, en comparación con los controles y el grupo 1. Además, en los grupos con ASST positiva, los porcentajes de células CD45RO+ y CD4/CD45RO+ se correlacionan con el tamaño del habón a la ASST. En conclusión, las células de memoria pudieran jugar un papel importante en la patogénesis de la CIU.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Immunophenotyping , Memory , Urticaria , Medicine , VenezuelaABSTRACT
In this study we assessed, by flow cytometry, the effect of interleukin 2 (IL-2) on the oxidative burst of normodense eosinophils (Eos's) isolated from 15 patients with moderately severe extrinsic asthma and 17 controls. We found that IL-2 significantly induced peroxide (H2O2) production in normodense Eos's from patients with asthma on a time kinetics study. This rise was higher in patients with immunoglobulin E levels > 180 IU/mL versus normal immunoglobulin E values. The effect of IL-2 was partially blocked by using anti-Tac antibody. In contrast, IL-2 decreased H2O2 production in normodense Eos's from controls. Cell surface expression of CD25, CD122, CD132, and CD69 were also determined and no statistical differences were found between both groups. In conclusion, IL-2 is able to increase H2O2 production by normodense Eos's isolated from patients with asthma and it may contribute to bronchial epithelium damage and chronic inflammation.
Subject(s)
Asthma/blood , Eosinophils/drug effects , Eosinophils/metabolism , Interleukin-2/metabolism , Interleukin-2/pharmacology , Peroxides/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Antigens, CD/biosynthesis , Antigens, CD/drug effects , Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/biosynthesis , Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/drug effects , Antigens, Surface/biosynthesis , Antigens, Surface/drug effects , Asthma/physiopathology , Biomarkers/blood , Carcinogens/pharmacology , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cell Survival/physiology , Coloring Agents , Female , Flow Cytometry , Humans , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Lectins, C-Type , Male , Peroxides/blood , Receptors, IgG/biosynthesis , Receptors, IgG/drug effects , Respiratory Burst/drug effects , Respiratory Burst/physiology , Stimulation, Chemical , Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology , Time Factors , Trypan Blue , VenezuelaABSTRACT
Distinct eosinophil populations have been characterized on the basis of discontinuous Percoll density gradients. In peripheral blood, normal individuals show a low number of normodense and hypodense eosinophils, contrasting with the high amount of hypodense cells in patients who have allergies. To characterize these two eosinophil populations, we analyzed membrane expression of several antigens and cytokine receptors in normodense and hypodense eosinophils from patients who have allergies and controls. Hypodense eosinophils expressed higher levels of CD122, CD69, and CD4 in both patients with allergies and control individuals when compared to normodense eosinophils. The expression of CD125, CD124, CD25, CD132, and CD23 were similar in both cell types.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Surface/analysis , Asthma/immunology , Asthma/pathology , Eosinophils/immunology , Eosinophils/pathology , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/immunology , Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Antigens, CD/analysis , Antigens, CD/immunology , Antigens, Surface/immunology , Cell Count , Centrifugation, Density Gradient , Humans , In Vitro Techniques , Receptors, Cytokine/analysis , Receptors, Cytokine/immunology , Receptors, Interleukin/analysis , Receptors, Interleukin/immunologyABSTRACT
Se han descrito poblaciones heterógeneas de eosinófilos, basado en gradientes de densidad. En sangre periférica de sujetos sanos se observan principalmente eosinófilos normodensos (fenotipo de reposo) mientras que un número aumentado de eosinófilos hipodensos (fenotipo activado) está presente en pacientes alérgicos. En el presente trabajo analizamos, por citometría de flujo, la expresión de moléculas de superficie en eosinófilos normodensos e hipodensos de sujetos sanos y pacientes alérgicos. Nuestros resultados mostraron que los eosinófilos hipodensos expresan altos niveles de CD122, CD69 y CD4 en ambos grupos de estudio respecto de los eosinófilos normodensos, mientras que la expresión de CD125, CD124, CD25, CD132 y CD23 fueron similares en ambos tipos celulares
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Asthma , Flow Cytometry , Eosinophils/cytology , Globules , Hypersensitivity , Phenotype , Rhinitis , Allergy and Immunology , VenezuelaABSTRACT
The point prevalence of bronchial asthma and the influence of environmental conditions among 100 individuals chosen from two Venezuelan regions, i.e., rural and urban, were investigated by history, routine laboratory test, determination of total and specific IgE antibody to common allergens ans spirometric test. The point prevalence of bronchial asthma was 3,0% in rural subjects who were also highly parasitized by helmints and 3,6% in subjects from the urban region. A significative difference in skin responses to Dermatophagoides pteronnysinus was observed in urban asthmatics when compared with rural astmatics. A similar response to selected allergens was found among both populations. The prevalence of infestation by Ascaris in rural asthmatics was high compared with that of rural controls. Total IgE levels were elevated for both populations, but significatively higher (p<0.05) for rural individuals. Results suggest a significative point prevalence of bronchial asthma in both regions despite the helmint infestation of rural subjects. The effects of environmental factors, their concentrations and time of exposure are considered as main factors responsible for allergic reactivity observed in the Venezuelan regions studied
Subject(s)
Asthma/etiology , Asthma/pathology , EnvironmentABSTRACT
La diarrea crónica puede manifestarse hasta en un 60% de los pacientes que presentan compromiso del compartimiento inmunológico humoral, específicamente en la hipogammaglobulinemia común variable (HCV). Presentamos 3 casos con HCV de aparición tardía, en quienes la diarrea crónica fue el síntoma cardinal del cuadro clínico. Los estudios inmunodiagnósticos revelaron niveles no cuantificables o subnormales tanto de Inmunoglobulina G como de M y A, con complemento hemolítico total preservado, y pantalla autoinmune negativa. La exploración del compartimiento celular demostró elevado número de linfocitos T supresores (CD8) con hiporespuesta de la población linfocitaria total frente a mitógenos policionales tipo PHA. El abordaje clínico de los pacientes con HCV debe ser practicado por un equipo multiespecializado conformado por el inmunólogo clínico, el gastroenterólogo y el infectólogo.
