Aesthetic Procedures and Psychological Wellbeing in Saudi College Students: An In-Depth Exploration.

Purpose: Minimally invasive aesthetic procedures are widely popular among the youth. Despite their prevalence, there is a significant gap in the research concerning the relationship between these procedures and psychological wellbeing, as well as an insufficient exploration of the barriers and motivators influencing their adoption, this study aims to address these gaps. Methods: This cross-sectional study has utilized a secure online survey directed at Saudi university students as the target population. The survey was consisting of 18-item electronic questionnaire including of 4 parts (demographical data, history of psychological illness and screening of current psychological wellbeing using WHO-5 well-being tool, history of doing cosmetic procedure, or willingness to do in the future, barriers and motivators to do cosmetic procedures), and it was distributed across multiple social media platforms. Results: A total of 8443 college students completed the study questionnaire. Exactly 1096 (13%) of the students underwent a cosmetic procedure. The most reported procedures were laser hair removal (9.1%), filler (5.3%), skin boosters (2.8%), and Botulinum toxin A injections (Botox) (2.6%). The most ranked motivators were being painless, with no side effects (8.8 out of 10), followed by being free (8.0 out of 10) and enhancing self-confidence (7.4 out of 10). Conclusion: No significant difference recorded at the overall psychological well-being score between who underwent cosmetic procedures and who did not.

Association between multimorbidity and cognitive decline in the elderly population of the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: Cognitive decline affects the quality of life, and dementia affects independence in daily life activities. Multimorbidity in older adults is associated with a higher risk of cognitive impairment. This research aims to study the relationship between cognitive decline and multimorbidity in the elderly population in the Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional research was conducted from July to October 2022 among adults over 60 years. All patients with two or more comorbidities were contacted for a face-to-face interview and cognitive testing to estimate cognitive function by trained family physicians using St. Louis University Mental State Examination. ANOVA and Chi-square test were used to test for statistical significance. Binary logistic regression was used to show the odds of having cognitive impairment and multimorbidity. All tests were performed at 5% level of significance. RESULTS: The study involved 343 individuals; majority (74.1%) aged 60-75 years and were males (67.9%). Hypertension, diabetes, and chronic pain were reported by 56%, 48%, and 44% participants, respectively. Thirty percent participants had 3 or more comorbidities. About 36% had mild neurocognitive disorder and 31.2% had dementia. The results showed that age, gender (female), diabetes, stroke, chronic pain, and multimorbidity were significantly associated with cognitive impairment. In our study, hypertension, coronary artery diseases, depression, and anxiety were not significantly associated with risk of cognitive decline. CONCLUSION: Our study found that multimorbidity is significantly associated with cognitive decline. Controlling comorbidities and preventing risk factors in midlife could help in delaying the progression of the disease.

Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and its Relation to Cognitive Functions Among Saudi Older Adults.

Background: The association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and cognitive decline among older adults is a still a topic of debate. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between risk of OSA and cognitive function among Saudi older adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional community-based study conducted between July and October 2022. Participants were recruited from gathering areas where older adults are likely attending such as district centers, waiting areas of shopping malls, and mosques. Questionnaires were completed using face-to-face interviews. The questionnaire included questions of sociodemographics, sleep pattern and health status. A validated Arabic version of Athens insomnia scale, STOP-BANG questionnaire, and St. Louis University mental status (SLUMS) questionnaire were used. A multi-Linear regression model was used to determine the association between cognitive functions and OSA. Results: A total of 343 participants were recruited in this study, of which 86% were male. The mean age was 65±9 years. 65% of participants with high risk of sleep apnea were diagnosed with either dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Most of the participants who were illiterate (83%) had dementia, while only 4% of participants with higher education had dementia. Conclusion: Dementia and mild cognitive impairment is prevalent among Saudi older adults with high risk of OSA. Clinicians and patients should be aware of the risk of developing dementia in patients with OSA, especially if remain untreated.

Hormonal Contraception Use and Depression Among Women in Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: To estimate the prevalence of depression amongst hormonal and non-hormonal contraception users, and the risk factors associated with depression in the sample. Patients and Methods: This is a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia from October to November 2021, covering all regions of Saudi Arabia. All participants were women, living in Saudi Arabia, ≥21 years old and ≤45 years old, using a contraceptive method, and with no established history of depression. Results: A total of 4853 out of 18,596 met our criteria and were included in this study. Among all sample groups, 29% had moderate to severe depression. Rates of depression and association studies' results in women using hormonal were higher than those who use non-hormonal birth control methods. Psychiatric disorders, medical illnesses, substance use and depressogenic medication use were all associated with depression in both hormonal and non-hormonal contraception users. Conclusion: The current study shows high prevalence of depression amongst hormonal contraceptive users compared to non-hormonal contraceptive users.

An approach to café au lait macules in primary care setting.

Café au lait macules (CALMs), if solitary, are benign lesion with no clinical meaning, and are common in the general population. Multiple CALMs may be the hallmark of some disorders and need to be assessed by an interprofessional team. The diagnosis and evaluation of a patient with a suspected condition may include a team of pediatric neurologists, dermatologists, ophthalmologists, geneticists, and orthopedic surgeons. To evaluate the progression of the disease, an annual follow-up is required.

The impact of women violence on depression among female medical students at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of domestic violence on depression among females' students of Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study conducted from 2019 to 2020. Methods and Material: An electronic questionnaire containing biographical data, 2 nd edition of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and The NorVold Abuse Questionnaire (NorAQ) was sent to the participants. Statistical Analysis Used: Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 with a statistical significance set at P < 0.05. Tests of significance measured using independent t test and Chi-square test. Results: The study included 214 female medical students and 11 interns aged 18 to 26 with a mean of 20.66 ± 1.725 years. Most women (92.4%) were single, and the highest responders (30.2%) were second-year students. Based on The NorVold Abuse Questionnaire (NorAQ), the prevalence of violence was 56.9%. The most common form of violence was emotional abuse (50.2%) and the highest combined types of abuse were emotional and physical abuse (14.7%). Based on BDI scale, the prevalence of depression amongst our sample was 32.9%; it was mild in 14.2%, moderate in 15.6% and severe in 3.1%. None of the types of abuse were significantly associated with depression. However, severe depression was highest amongst students/interns with history of emotional or sexual violence. Conclusion: More than half of the participants were subjected to domestic abuse throughout their lives. Emotional abuse was the commonest type followed by physical, sexual, and healthcare abuses, respectively. However, the present study demonstrated no significant association between abuse and depression.