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1.
Animals (Basel) ; 12(19)2022 Sep 24.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36230293

ABSTRACT

The effects of increasing doses of bacterial phytase (Citrobacter braakii) on performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs was evaluated. A total of 120 barrows weighing 25.16 ± 2.80 kg and 68 days old were submitted to five treatments: positive control diet (PC) containing inorganic phosphorus (P) and limestone (Ca); negative control (NC) with reductions in P (by 0.13%) and Ca (by 0.11%); and three NC diets supplemented with 1500 (NC15), 3000 (NC30) and 4500 (NC45) units of phytase (FYT)/kg. The daily weight gain (DWG) in growth phase I (68-91 days) was higher in the PC, NC15 and NC30, compared to the NC (1.06, 1.06, 1.06 vs. 0.95, respectively). The DWG in finishing phase II (141-156 days) was higher in the NC15 (1.20 kg) and NC30 (1.14 kg) than in the NC45 (0.94 kg). The final weights (LW156) in the NC15 (122.95 kg LW) were higher than NC (116.47 kg LW) and NC45 (114.43 kg LW). Over the entire period, a quadratic effect (2012 FYT) was observed for the DWG. The increasing levels of phytase in corn and soybean meal-based diets improved the DWG and carcass traits; however, the addition of more than 3000 FYT/kg of feed should be carefully studied to determine enzyme viability.

2.
Trop Anim Health Prod ; 47(8): 1531-7, 2015 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26245916

ABSTRACT

Eighty boars (19.3 ± 2.49 kg) were vaccinated twice (100 and 128 days of age) against gonadotropin releasing hormone (Vivax™ vaccine), for a randomised block design study aiming to evaluate five digestible lysine (DLys) level treatments, with three phase-feeding per treatments (9-8-7; 10-9-8; 11-10-9; 12-11-10 and 13-12-11 g/kg) during the growing-finishing phases (54-100, 100-128 and 128-155 days of age, respectively). Pigs were fed their respective diets ad libitum from 54 to 155 days and weighed at 100, 128 and 155 days. Pig loin (Longissimus dorsi) area, loin depth and backfat thickness were measured by ultrasound at 100 and 155 days. Hot carcass weight, meat quantity and meat yield were measured at slaughter. From 54 to 100 days (pre-immunocastration), DLys levels linearly improved pig feed conversion and loin area, the level of DLys for minimum feed conversion and maximum loin area was 13 g/kg. However, DLys levels had no effect on the performance of boars from 54 to 128 days (pre-immunocastration), nor on the performance and carcass parameters of immunocastrated male pigs between 54 and 155 days. A sequence of diets containing 9, 8 and 7 g/kg of DLys fed from 54 to 100, 100 to 128 and 128 to 155 days, respectively, meet the requirement of growing-finishing immunocastrated male pigs.


Subject(s)
Dietary Supplements , Lysine/chemistry , Sus scrofa/growth & development , Vaccines/therapeutic use , Animal Feed/analysis , Animals , Body Composition , Body Weight , Castration , Diet , Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/chemistry , Male , Meat , Muscle, Skeletal/growth & development , Swine , Time Factors , Vaccination
3.
Ciênc. rural ; 43(5): 871-877, maio 2013. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-673256

ABSTRACT

Oitenta leitoas (24,2±1,52kg) com alto potencial genético para deposição de carne na carcaça foram distribuídas em experimento de blocos ao acaso para avaliar cinco níveis de lisina digestível (Ld) (9, 10, 11, 12 e 13g kg-1) durante a fase de crescimento (63 a 103 dias de idade). Os animais foram alojados em pares e alimentados à vontade. No início e ao final do período experimental, as leitoas foram pesadas e submetidas à análise de ultrassom para avaliação da área de olho de lombo (AOL) e espessura de toucinho (ET). Os níveis de Ld proporcionaram aumento linear (P<0,05) do ganho de peso diário (GPD) e, apesar dessa variação, não houve aumento no valor absoluto do GPD a partir do nível de 12g kg-1 de Ld. A conversão alimentar (CA) reduziu (P<0,01) de forma quadrática até o nível estimado de 11,9g kg-1 de Ld. A AOL das leitoas aumentou (P<0,05) de forma linear. No entanto, o modelo "Linear Response Plateau" foi o que melhor se ajustou aos dados, estimando em 12,5g kg-1 o nível a partir do qual ocorreu platô. Não foi verificada influência (P>0,05) dos níveis de Ld sobre o consumo de ração diário (CRD) e ET. Os níveis de 12,0 e 12,5g kg-1 de Ld na dieta, correspondentes, respectivamente, ao consumo de lisina digestível diário (CLdD), de 23,6 e 24,6g, proporcionam os melhores resultados de desempenho e área de olho de lombo de leitoas em fase de crescimento (63 aos 103 dias de idade).


Eighty gilts (24.2±1.52kg) with high genetic potential for lean gain were used in a randomized complete block design to evaluate five digestible lysine levels (9, 10, 11, 12 and 13g kg-1) during the growing phase (63 to 103 days of age). Gilts were housed in pair and fed their respective diets ad libitum. At the begging and the ending of the experimental period, gilts were weighed and scanned by ultrasound to measure loin area, as well as fat depth. The digestible lysine levels linearly increase (P<0.05) average daily gain and loin area of gilts in growing phase. However, there was no difference for average daily gain at levels above 12g kg-1 while the "Linear Response Plateau" model was that better fitted to the loin area data that stabilized in a plateau starting from the level of 12.5g kg-1. The feed:gain ratio was improved (P<0.01) quadratically until the estimated level of 11.9g kg-1 of digestible lysine. There was no effects (P>0.05) of the treatments on the fat depth and feed intake. The digestible lysine levels of 12 and 12.5g kg-1, corresponding to the intake of 23.6 e 24.6g dia-1, provide the best results of performance and loin area of growing gilts (63 to 103 days old).

4.
Ciênc. rural ; 34(5): 1557-1562, set.-out. 2004. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-383605

ABSTRACT

Um experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da substituição de até 30 por cento do milho da dieta por triguilho adicionando ou não enzimas sobre a utilização digestiva da energia e balanços do nitrogênio e fósforo. Foram utilizados 24 suínos machos castrados, meio irmãos, com PV médio inicial de 51,62kg e final de 62,95kg, alojados em gaiolas metabólicas mantidas em ambiente semi-climatizado. Foi utilizado um fatorial 3 x 2 (3 níveis de inclusão do triguilho - 0, 15 e 30 por cento, com ou sem adição de enzimas), com quatro repetições cada, sendo o animal a unidade experimental. A inclusão de níveis crescentes de triguilho até 30 por cento da dieta e a adição de enzimas não influenciou (P > 0,05) a digestibilidade da MS, da EB, da ED, a metabolizibilidade da energia, a retenção e as excreções fecais e urinária de nitrogênio. No entanto, a adição de 30 por cento de triguilho reduziu (P < 0,05) a excreção fecal de P e aumentou (P < 0,05) a absorção do fósforo. A análise de regressão mostrou que para cada grama de triguilho adicionada à dieta o P fecal reduz em 0,05 g e absorção aumenta 0,11 gramas. A substituição de até 30 por cento do milho por triguilho não afeta o balanço energético e do N, mas melhora o balanço do fósforo. A adição de enzimas exógenas não afeta os paramentos digestivos e metabólicos dos suínos.

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