ABSTRACT
The clinical use of the "autocapture" algorithm based on an automated pacemaker with the function of measurement of stimulation threshold and regulation of stimulus amplitude is discussed. The method is designed to prolong the operating time of the device. The algorithm itself is described and relevant medical literature on the subject is reviewed.
Subject(s)
Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/methods , Electric Stimulation/instrumentation , Pacemaker, Artificial/standards , Algorithms , Equipment Design , HumansABSTRACT
Work of the implanted electric pacemaker (EP) was assessed in 99 patients, aged 62.4±9.6 years, during non-cardiological surgery. Inhibition of the EP stimuli was registered in 9 (9.1%) patients, short episodes of uneffective stimulation with synchronization disturbation--in 2 (2%) patients and change of stimulation regimen was registered in the same number of patients by electocoagulation. Episodes of myopotential inhibition not assotiated with electrocoagulation was registered in 4 cases. The ascertained rhythm disturbances require a thorough preoperative check-up, intraoperative ECG control and short use of monopolar electrocoagulation.
Subject(s)
Arrhythmias, Cardiac/therapy , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/adverse effects , Electrocoagulation , Electrodes, Implanted/adverse effects , Intraoperative Complications , Pacemaker, Artificial/adverse effects , Aged , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/diagnosis , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/mortality , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/physiopathology , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial/methods , Electrocoagulation/adverse effects , Electrocoagulation/methods , Electrocoagulation/mortality , Electrodes, Implanted/statistics & numerical data , Equipment Failure Analysis , Female , Humans , Intraoperative Care/instrumentation , Intraoperative Care/standards , Intraoperative Complications/etiology , Intraoperative Complications/mortality , Intraoperative Complications/prevention & control , Male , Middle Aged , Monitoring, Intraoperative/standards , Pacemaker, Artificial/statistics & numerical data , Risk , Surgical Procedures, Operative/adverse effects , Surgical Procedures, Operative/mortalityABSTRACT
A new reagent for a skin test given the name Diaskintest has been designed for the screening diagnosis of tuberculosis and preclinical and clinical trials conducted. Preclinical trials were carried out on 315 laboratory animals (guinea-pigs, albino mice). The reagent Diaskintest was ascertained to be nontoxic, to have no sensitizing properties, to be safe and specific, and to induce no positive reactions in BCG-vaccinated animals and healthy guinea-pigs. Its specific activity was comparable with that of the national reference--purified tuberculin PPD-L-2. With progression of tuberculous lesions, the guinea-pigs showed higher responses to Diaskintest dilution and the BCG-vaccinated animals lacked responses to Diaskintest with increased delayed type hypersensitivity. The clinical trial was permitted by the Federal Service for Surveillance in Health Care and Social Development of the Russian Federation. Clinical trials were conducted in 150 persons. The safety, specificity, sensitivity of Diaskintest were first examined in the clinical studies and its action was compared with the results of tuberculin skin test (Mantoux test) with 2 TE of PPD L-2. Diaskintest was ascertained to be highly sensitive when given in a dose of 0.2 microg in 0.1 ml. In patients with active tuberculosis and new cases of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, the agent induced a positive skin reaction (a papule of more than 10 mm) in 98-100% of cases (p < 0.05). The agent caused no reaction associated with BCG vaccination. The specificity of the test was 93-100% with 95% significance. The rate of overexuberant reactions (vesicular necrotic changes, lymphangitis, and lymphadenitis) was 4-14% with 95% significance. Tuberculosis patients with significant immunopathological disorders might have no skin sensitivity to Diaskintest, as to PPD L-2 (a negative test). The findings substantiate the use of Diaskintest for mass epidemiological surveys for the differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and BCG vaccination-associated complications. The agent may be also used to evaluate the activity of the process in patients with tuberculosis and the efficiency of treatment in combination with other methods and to make a differential diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Subject(s)
Tuberculin Test/methods , Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Child , Diagnosis, Differential , Disease Models, Animal , Guinea Pigs , Humans , Mice , Middle Aged , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Young AdultABSTRACT
The results of placebo-controlled randomized trial of effectiveness of haloinhalation treatment with application of individual inhaler Haloneb in 125 patients with allergic and vasomotor rhinitis demonstrated high efficacy of the method. A positive effect was achieved in 90.4% patients with allergic and 92.1% with vasomotor rhinitis. Efficacy of the method is explained by anti-edema, anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects of haloinhalation therapy.
Subject(s)
Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/therapy , Rhinitis, Vasomotor/therapy , Sodium Chloride/therapeutic use , Administration, Inhalation , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Sodium Chloride/administration & dosageABSTRACT
A semiquantitative assay of DNA impurities in preparations of human recombinant insulin is described. The assay is based on the detection of a fragment of the ampicillin-resistant gene within the producer strain DNA by PCR. The analysis of PCR products of the studied preparations and PCR products containing known amounts of E. coli total DNA enabled a quantitative determination of the producer strain DNA content in the preparations under study. The sensitivity of the method is 7 pg of E. coli DNA per 10 microg of human recombinant insulin. The high sensitivity of the method allows us to recommend it for the quantitative determination of DNA content in recombinant preparations that do not inhibit PCR.
Subject(s)
DNA/analysis , Insulin/chemistry , Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods , beta-Lactamases/genetics , DNA/genetics , Humans , Recombinant Proteins/chemistry , Sensitivity and SpecificitySubject(s)
Peptide Library , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Ribosomes/metabolism , Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/analysis , Cell-Free System , Enterotoxins/genetics , Escherichia coli/enzymology , Gene Library , Macromolecular Substances , Peptides/metabolism , Protein Biosynthesis , Protein Conformation , Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/genetics , Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase/metabolism , Triticum/metabolismSubject(s)
Ileum/physiology , Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/physiology , Receptors, Presynaptic/physiology , Action Potentials/drug effects , Animals , Atropine/pharmacology , Dihydroergotoxine/pharmacology , Drug Interactions , Electrodes, Implanted , Ganglionic Blockers/pharmacology , Hexamethonium Compounds/pharmacology , Ileum/drug effects , Male , Phenylephrine/pharmacology , Rabbits , Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/drug effects , Receptors, Presynaptic/drug effects , Stimulation, ChemicalABSTRACT
Experiments were performed on unanaesthetized rabbits. It has been shown that beta-adrenergic stimulation by isoprenaline can lead to decreasing as well as increasing of spike activity of the ileum. Pretreatment with propranolol completely prevented both effects of isoprenaline. Administration of isoprenaline both during M-cholinergic and N-cholinergic blockades resulted in decreased spike activity alone. These results suggest that isoprenaline-induced increase in spike activity is mediated by excitatory beta-adrenoceptors localized on the presynaptic cholinergic interneurons of the enteric nervous system.
Subject(s)
Muscle, Smooth/drug effects , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects , Receptors, Presynaptic/drug effects , Wakefulness/drug effects , Action Potentials/drug effects , Action Potentials/physiology , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Electrodes, Implanted , Ileum/drug effects , Ileum/innervation , Ileum/physiology , Isoproterenol/pharmacology , Male , Muscle, Smooth/innervation , Muscle, Smooth/physiology , Rabbits , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/physiology , Receptors, Presynaptic/physiology , Stimulation, Chemical , Wakefulness/physiologyABSTRACT
Acute blood loss evoked an increase in the spike activity of the pyloric sphincter' smooth muscles, those of the duodenum and ileum. No such effect was found in joint blockade of alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors. The increase in the spike activity seems to be due to an effect of endogenous catecholamines upon activating alpha- and beta-adrenoreceptors of the pyloric sphincter, duodenum and ileum.
Subject(s)
Hemorrhage/physiopathology , Muscle, Smooth/physiopathology , Receptors, Adrenergic/physiology , Action Potentials/drug effects , Action Potentials/physiology , Acute Disease , Animals , Dihydroergotoxine/pharmacology , Intestine, Small/drug effects , Intestine, Small/physiopathology , Male , Muscle Contraction/drug effects , Muscle Contraction/physiology , Muscle, Smooth/drug effects , Propranolol/pharmacology , Pylorus/drug effects , Pylorus/physiopathology , Rabbits , Receptors, Adrenergic/drug effectsABSTRACT
Jb been shown that beta-adrenergic stimulation by isadrine can lead to decreasing as well increasing of spre activity of the pyloric sphincter and small intestine administration of isadrine in conditions of the blockade of M- and N-cholinoreceptors suppressed the spike activity in all the portions of the intestine. The data obtained suggest that excitatory beta-adrenoreceptors are located on the cholinergic interneurons of the enteral nervous system. The suppression of the spike activity was, evidently, due to a stimulation of postsynaptic beta-adrenoreceptors.
Subject(s)
Intestine, Small/physiology , Pylorus/physiology , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/physiology , Receptors, Cholinergic/physiology , Action Potentials/drug effects , Action Potentials/physiology , Animals , Electric Stimulation , Enteric Nervous System/drug effects , Enteric Nervous System/physiology , Interneurons/drug effects , Interneurons/physiology , Intestine, Small/drug effects , Isoproterenol/pharmacology , Muscle Contraction/drug effects , Muscle Contraction/physiology , Muscle, Smooth/drug effects , Muscle, Smooth/physiology , Pylorus/drug effects , Rabbits , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects , Receptors, Cholinergic/drug effects , Stimulation, ChemicalABSTRACT
The administration of mesaton enhanced contractile activity of pyloric sphincter and diminished it in the duodenum in rabbits. The blockade of alpha-adrenoreceptors with dihydroergotoxin abolished the myoelectrical activity in the pyloric sphincter and sharply enhanced it in the duodenum. Both these effects could occur in the blockade and in the stimulation of alpha-adrenoreceptors of the ileum. The administration of mesaton against the background of the blockade of H-cholinoreceptors with bensohexonium never enhanced myoelectrical activity of the pyloric sphincter. The data obtained suggest different roles of alpha-adrenoreceptors in the pyloric sphincter, duodenum and ileum. The activating alpha-adrenoreceptors of the pyloric sphincter can be found on the neurons of the myenteric plexus.
Subject(s)
Muscle, Smooth/drug effects , Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/drug effects , Action Potentials/drug effects , Action Potentials/physiology , Animals , Dihydroergotoxine/pharmacology , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Electrodes, Implanted , Hexamethonium Compounds/pharmacology , Intestine, Small/drug effects , Intestine, Small/physiology , Muscle, Smooth/physiology , Phenylephrine/pharmacology , Pylorus/drug effects , Pylorus/physiology , Rabbits , Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha/physiology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Functional significance of beta-adrenoreceptors located at cholinergic interneurons of myenteric plexus was confirmed for motor responses to exogenous and endogenous acetylcholine, serotonin, histamine and bradykinin. A specific mechanism of the activation of small intestine's contractile apparatus by sympathoadrenal system seems to exist in the organism.
Subject(s)
Muscle, Smooth/physiology , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/physiology , Action Potentials/drug effects , Action Potentials/physiology , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Electrophysiology , Intestine, Small/drug effects , Intestine, Small/physiology , Isoproterenol/pharmacology , Muscle Contraction/drug effects , Muscle Contraction/physiology , Muscle, Smooth/drug effects , Propranolol/pharmacology , Rabbits , Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effectsABSTRACT
The comparative assessment of the methods of direct and indirect chromoendoscopy is given. It is shown, that a method of direct endoscopy with washing clean the mucosa by the antifomsilan solution is the most convenient in mass examination of the patients, and permits to enhance considerably the quality of endoscopic investigations.
