Formation and realization of individual experience.

This article describes the methodological approach of systemic psychophysiology. In the framework of this approach a wide range of experimental data is analyzed: results of neuronal recordings in vitro and in awake normal and pathological animals learning to perform and performing both complex instrumental and simple behavioral acts. Another block of analyzed data is based on experiments with human subjects who learn and perform the tasks of categorization of words and operator tasks, participate in group game activity, and answer the questionnaires of psychodiagnostic methods. As a result of this analysis, the systemic psychophysiology approach is used to describe qualitatively and quantitatively the formation and realization of individual experience.

[Patterns in the shaping and realization of individual experience]. / Zakonomernosti formirovaniia i realizatsii individual'nogo opyta.

This article describes the methodological approach of systemic psychology. In the framework of this approach a wide range of experimental data is analyzed: results of neuronal recordings in vitro and in awake normal and pathological animals learning to perform and performing both complex instrumental and simple behavioral acts. Another block of analyzed data is based on the experiments with human subjects that learn and perform the tasks of categorization of words and operator tasks, subjects, performing group game activity and answering the questionnaires of psychodiagnostic methods. As a result of this analysis, the system psychology approach is used to describe qualitatively and quantitatively the formation and realization of individual experience.

P300 and psychophysiological analysis of the structure of behavior.

P300 wave was analyzed on the basis of comparison between brain potentials, the structure of behavior and single unit activity within the signal detection task through experiments with humans and animals. The similarity of the late positive components following detected light flashes in humans and rabbits, identified as P300, permitted the use of data concerning single unit activity. The analysis of single unit activity in the visual and motor cortex of rabbits demonstrated that the sequence of behavioral stages in signal detection is based on different sets of units. There is a strong correspondence between the change of set and the P300 development. Since the activity of certain units in behavior reflects the realization of certain functional systems, the modification of the sets of activated units indicates the transformation of the composition of functional systems of different hierarchical levels during the change of behavioral stages. This is the basis for our suggestion that P300 reflects the process of reorganization of the structure of the behavior which is responsible for the transition from one stage of behavior to another.

[Activity of visual and motor cortex neurons during performance of a behavioral act with open and closed eyes]. / Aktivnost' neironov zritel'noi i motornoi oblastei kory mozga pri osushchestvlenii povedencheskogo akta s otkrytymi i zakrytymi glazami.

The influence of closing the eyes (by means of a special device) on the neuronal activity in the visual and motor cortical areas was analysed in a trained rabbit during behavioural act of seizing the food. It was found that activation of the neurones of both cortical areas in the course of the act appears both with closed and open eyes at all its stages, i.e. for appearance of neurons activity no contact is required with the "visual part" of the surroundings. This fact is discussed from the viewpoint of "purposive" neuronal activity. Both the composition of the involved elements of both cortical areas and the shape of their activity were changing during performance of behaviour with closed eyes, the changes being more pronounced in the visual area. A hypothesis is advanced that the differences in the changeability of the neuronal activation in the studied structures are determined by their heterochronous maturation in the process of behaviour formation in ontogenesis.