[Pattern recognition in the computer analysis of nucleotide sequences]. / Raspoznavanie obrazov v komp'iuternom analize nukleotidnykh posledovatel'nostei.

We have used an algorithm from the pattern recognition theory "generalized portrait" to find a distinguishing vector for Escherichia coli promoters. We have made an attempt to solve closely linked problems for choosing significant signs of that signal, multiple alignment and for calculation of the recognition vector (matrix). The promoters with known strength have been ranged with this vector. The analysis of the occurrence of predicted promoters has been carried out. The promoters search program for IBM-compatible computers is available from the authors.

[A rapid method of searching for homology of nucleic acid sequences]. / Bystryi metod poiska gomologii nukleotidnykh posledovatel'nostei.

A new method of the homology search between DNA sequences was suggested. This method may be used to find extensive and not strong homologies with point mutations and deletions. The computer time to compare sequences is less than dynamic program algorithms at least by four orders of magnitude. It makes possible to use the method for homology search all over the nucleotide bank by personal computers. Some results of homology search are presented.

[Computer programs for the analysis of nucleotide sequences (MALK)]. / Paket prikladnykh programm dlia analiza nukleotidnykh posledovatel'nostei (MALK).

A system for the computer analysis of nucleic acid and protein sequences ("Helix") is described. Format of the DNA sequences is EMBL--compatible and may be easily commented with the help of convenient menus. "Helix" has also following possibilities: an effective alignment of gele reading data and formation of the final sequence; simple making of recombined molecules "in calcular"; calculations of nucleotide and dinucleotide distribution along the sequence; looking for coding frames; calculations percentage of codons and amino acids in coding frames; searching for direct and inverted repeats; sequences alignment; protein secondary structure prediction; restriction mapping; DNA--protein translation. "Helix" also contain programs for RNA-structure prediction, looking for homologies throughover the EMAL bank, choosing optimal sequence for probes and searching promoters. All the programs are written at FORTRAN-77 and automatically translated into FORTRAN-4. "Helix" require only 64 kbite.

[Recognition of Escherichia coli promoters from the primary structure of DNA]. / Raspoznavanie promotorov Escherichia coli po pervichnoi strukture DNK.

The perceptron algorithm has been applied for E. coli promotors searching. To choose the appropriate promoter signs the statistical analysis was performed. By the modified perceptron method a vector, which exactly divides promoters and non-promotors in the learning sequences and gives nearly the same results as the statistical vector, has been obtained. By using this vector two potential promotors have been found at the phoE-proB chromosome region.

[Replication of Streptomyces plasmids: the DNA nucleotide sequence of plasmid pSB 24.2]. / Izuchenie replikatsii plazmid Streptomyces: nukleotidnaia posledovatel'nost' DNK plazmidy pSB 24.2.

The nucleotide sequence of DNA in plasmid pSB 24.2, a natural deletion derivative of plasmid pSB 24.1 isolated from S. cyanogenus was studied. The plasmid amounted by its size to 3706 nucleotide pairs. The G-C composition was equal to 73 per cent. The analysis of the DNA structure in plasmid pSB 24.2 revealed the protein-encoding sequence of DNA, the continuity of which was significant for replication of the plasmid containing more than 1300 nucleotide pairs. The analysis also revealed two A-T-rich areas of DNA, the G-C composition of which was less than 55 per cent and a DNA area with a branched pin structure. The results may be of value in investigation of plasmid replication in actinomycetes and experimental cloning of DNA with this plasmid as a vector.

[Comparative analysis of the effectiveness of standard and large dose fractionation in preoperative breast cancer irradiation]. / Sravnitel'nyi analiz éffektivnosti obychnogo i krupnogo fraktsionirovaniia dozy pri predoperatsionnomm obluchenii raka molochnoi zhelezy.

The report deals with a retrospective comparison of the effectiveness of standard and large-fractionated preoperative radiation therapy of breast cancer patients (each group included 85 females). As a result of distant irradiation with daily single doses of 4 Gy (total dose--20 Gy), preoperative admission period was reduced 5--7 times, as compared with standard single doses of 2 Gy and total dosage of 40--45 Gy. Large--fractionated radiation therapy results in a relatively low incidence of general and local reactions, does not interfere with surgery and is followed by postoperative complications in fewer cases. The distant metastasis frequency was significantly lower (51 +/- 5 and 32 +/- 5%, respectively), while the 5-year survival rate--higher (45 +/- 5 and 65 +/-5%, respectively) in application of large--fractionated radiation therapy. The said advantages were particularly apparent in cases of local operable tumors (stage III); in such patients, the 5-year survival rate rose from 40 +/- 7 to 64 +/- 6% (p greater than 0.05).

[Evaluation of the potentials of large-frame fluorography in detecting stomach cancer and precancerous diseases in prophylactic examinations]. / K otsenke vozmozhnostei krupnokadrovoi fliuorografii v vyiavlenii raka i predopukholevykh zabolevanii zheludka pri profilakticheskikh osmotrakh.

A comparative evaluation of the results of mass gastro-fluorographic screenings with the aid of special-purpose gastrofluorographs and pulmonary fluorographs adapted for stomach examination in lateral position. Although stomach radiograms obtained by use of pulmonary fluorography installations provide less information, the latter prove to be a good substitute in carrying out mass screenings for stomach tumors, when special-purpose gastrofluorographs are not available. Stomach cancer incidence in out-patients with stomach diseases is 7 times that in subjects who have no complaints, and 2-4 times in patients with stomach disturbances unregistered at dispensary clinics.

["Pathomorphosis" of skin melanomas in the comprehensive treatment using hyperthermia]. / "Patomorfoz" melanom kozhi pri kompleksnom lechenii s primeneniem gipertermii.

The writers examined histologically and histochemically the melanomas removed in 40 patients, subjected to general and local hyperthermia associated with radiation and chemotherapy. In such cases it was found that melanoma tissues exhibit grave destructive changes characterized by the morphological features, which are manifested by microcirculatory disorders in the tumor and metastases and are associated with extensive injuries of the neoplastic tissue.

[Risk of stomach cancer in pretumorous states]. / Risk zabolevaniia rakom zheludka pri predopukholevykh sostoianiiakh.

Analysis of the late results of the surgical treatment and longterm follow-up of non-operated patients with chronic benign diseases of the stomach evidences gastric cancer high-risk in patients with anacid gastritis, polyposis and ulcerous disease. The gastric cancer high-risk groups should also include the patients previously subjected to surgery for ulcerous affection of polyposis of the given organ. From the point of view of the organization of oncological service, patients with the mentioned pretumor diseases of the stomach do need postoperatively a life-long dispensary supervision and regular check examination.

[Enhancing the effect of radiation therapy of malignant tumors by means of UHF-hyperthermic exposure]. / Usilenie éffekta luchevoi terapii zlokachestvennykh opukholei s pomoshch'iu SVCh-gipertermicheskikh vozdeistvii.

In the experiments (605 animals) and clinically (145 patients with malignant neoplasms) the authors have studied the possibility to use superhigh-frequency electromagnetic hyperthermia (42 degrees), associated with ionizing radiation in the complex treatment of tumors. The superhigh-frequency electromagnetic hyperthermia is really one of the ways to enhance the radiosensitivity of a neoplastic tissue. Ionizing radiation and SHF-hyperthermia used simultaneously provide for the directed and prompt disactivation of tumor cells.

[Problems concerning metastasis of malignant tumors]. / Nekotorye problemy metastazirovaniia zlokachestvennyk opukholei

The data on metastases incidence in new discovered patients with malignant tumors of general localizations are presented. The status of current investigations on the ways and mechanisms of metastases, as the basis for elaborating measures of their prevention, is characterized. The most effective methods of diagnosis and treatment of regional and distant metastases are described. Special attention is given to the necessity of using combined and complex treatment of metastatic forms of malignant tumors. It is shown, that along with the widely used methods, the application of radioisotopic, hormonal and some physicochemical influences, hyperthermia and hyperglycemia in particular, seems to be quite promising for this purpose.