ABSTRACT
RNA interference (RNAi) entails the potential for novel therapeutic strategies through the silencing of disease-causing genes in vivo. However, recent studies have raised an issue regarding applicable routes of administration for small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules as therapeutics. In this study, we demonstrate that liposomally formulated siRNA molecules, the so-called siRNA-lipoplexes, but not naked siRNAs, are delivered to the tumor endothelial cells in vivo by microscopy. In addition, functional intracellular delivery of formulated siRNA targeting the tumor suppressor PTEN is shown in endothelial cells of the liver and tumor. Finally, the therapeutic potential of systemically administered siRNA(CD31)-lipoplexes is established by inhibition of tumor growth in two different xenograft mouse models. Our findings corroborate the applicability of this liposomal siRNA delivery technology for inducing RNAi to modulate gene expression levels in angiogenesis-dependent processes. In addition, our results advocate CD31 as a promising therapeutic target for antiangiogenic intervention. Therefore, our study provides a basis for the development of antiangiogenic cancer therapies based on RNAi.
Subject(s)
Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism , Genetic Therapy/methods , Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics , Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy , RNA Interference , RNA, Small Interfering/administration & dosage , 3T3 Cells , Animals , Antigens, CD34/genetics , Antigens, CD34/metabolism , Cell Line , Cell Line, Tumor , Drug Administration Schedule , Endothelium, Vascular/immunology , Gene Expression , Gene Silencing , Humans , Injections, Intravenous , Liposomes/administration & dosage , Male , Mice , Mice, Nude , Neoplasm Transplantation , PTEN Phosphohydrolase/genetics , PTEN Phosphohydrolase/metabolism , Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/metabolism , Prostatic Neoplasms/immunology , Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism , Transplantation, HeterologousABSTRACT
For the application of RNA interference (RNAi) in vivo the functional delivery of short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) is still the major obstacle. Therefore, delivery technologies need to be established for the systemic application of RNAi in vivo. Here we report uptake, biodistribution and in vivo efficacy of siRNA molecules formulated into siRNA-lipoplexes. The applied formulation is based on complex formation of positively charged liposomes, a mixture of cationic and fusogenic lipids complexed with the negatively charged siRNA. We determined by fluorescence microscopy the temporal and spatial distribution of fluorescently labeled siRNA-lipoplexes, the body clearance and endothelial cell type specific uptake after single intravenous injection. Furthermore, by using siRNA molecules for targeting endothelia-specifically expressed genes, such as CD31 and Tie2, we were able to demonstrate downregulation of the corresponding mRNA and protein in vivo. Taken together, we show the applicability of this non-viral delivery technology for inducing RNAi in the vasculature of mice after systemic application.
