Santé des personnes non binaires : de quoi parle-t-on ?

Through quantitative research on the health of LGBT people (2018) and alongside a review of the literature on the health of non-binary people, this article aims to revisit the specific health characteristics of this population.

[Taking care of trans minors]. / Prendre en charge les mineurs trans.

The issue of trans minors is becoming more and more important as a new issue of care, especially in the health field. The nursing world is no stranger to these requests for support, at school or in specialized centers. This is why, through this article, it seemed necessary to go back over some definitions and to deconstruct some prejudices concerning this population.

[Gender and sexual minorities: Unknowns in the cancer care pathway]. / Minorités de genre et minorités sexuelles : des inconnus du parcours de soins en cancérologie.

The French National Cancer Institute, in its ten-year roadmap, has defined an axis 4: "ensuring that progress benefits all". The Association francophone sur les soins oncologiques de support wished to take stock of cancer care for gender and sexual minorities. The authors, who have a sociological and oncological background, have gathered the main data from the French-language literature limited to sociological aspects. They address the definitions of sexual orientation, identity and practice, gender identity, expression and assignment, and the issue of intersex. They report on the concrete problems from patients' narratives. Little research has been done on cancer patients. Studies on children and young adolescents focus on other issues (harassment, discrimination, dropping out of school); those on the older persons show the invisibility of the issue. For adults, the organization of the care process is obscured by a purely psychiatric and technical medical approach. The relationship of trust is not established, and the terms and views used lead to delays and breaks in care. To remedy these shortcomings, the authors suggest that training efforts be made (for patients and caregivers), that community associations be supported, and that sociological and medical research be carried out, considering an approach by cancer pathology as well as by sexual or gender minority groups.

[Sociology of transidentity]. / Sociologie des transidentités.

The issues concerning trans individuals cross our contemporary concerns. They are at the heart of new visibilities in television series, at the crossroads of controversy and misunderstanding in the world of sports, in the spotlight of transphobic violence, or in the case of problems within institutions, whether medical or academic. However, increased visibility does not always mean increased understanding.

[The health of trans minors in France]. / La santé des mineurs trans en France.

In France, the health of trans minors remains a sensitive and too often invisible subject, leaving a population marked by great vulnerability on the margins of health services. It is therefore particularly interesting to highlight the medical issues related to this population, the psychological risks related to transphobia and the questions related to hormonal treatments at the heart of current controversies.

[Sociology of transidentities]. / Sociologie des transidentités.

The sociology of transidentities allows us to shift the medical gaze on trans people and identities. Beyond the psychiatric or surgical issues, we are able to analyze the shift in representations and social consideration about transidentities in France, through a social history of transgender health, a sociology of transphobic experiences or the transformations of trans claims. Beyond its historical perspective, this article is based on recent work on the sociology of transidentities in France and presents various data from statistical surveys.

Title: Sociologie des transidentités. Abstract: La sociologie des transidentités permet de déplacer le regard médical sur les parcours et les identités trans. Au-delà des enjeux psychiatriques ou chirurgicaux, il s'agira d'analyser le glissement des représentations et des prises en compte sociales des transidentités en France, à travers une histoire sociale de la santé transgenre, une sociologie des expériences discriminatoires transphobes ou bien encore les transformations majeures des revendications trans actuellement en cours.

Dispensation des antirétroviraux pour une durée de plus d'un mois : retour sur une recherche exploratoire qualitative.

This article presents the results of a qualitative research on practices of dispensing antiretroviral medication concerning requests for greater than one month, for departure abroad. In spite of a strict regulation, a cartography shows a heterogeneity of its application leading to a great diversity of dispensing practices. This qualitative research with 22 pharmacies across the territory reveals relational and regulatory logics that contribute to this non-uniformity of practices. The concepts of embarrassment, professional commitment, regulatory concerns and personal relationships with patients largely explain the accommodations and crafts observed in this type of ARV dispensing request.

[Lesbians - gays - bisexuals - transgender (LGBT) and healthcare]. / Les lesbiennes-gays- bisexuels-transgenres face aux soins.

For a long time reduced to sexual and reproductive health issues (human immunodeficiency virus and medically assisted procreation in particular), lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) health has recently shifted to other topics that make it possible to report on the relationship between LGBT people and health care. A recent study attempts to qualify and quantify the fears, avoidances, strategies and representations that LGBT people have of the care, health care bodies and caregivers they encounter. It is possible to summarise some of the trends in this research and to propose avenues and topics to better support LGBT people in their care journey.

Minorités sexuelles et rapport au corps : une recherche quantitative.

INTRODUCTION: While gay and lesbian sexual and reproductive health issues are well-informed, others issues about health and the relationship to the body are less often addressed. PURPOSE OF RESEARCH: Coming from "LGBTI Health" research, this article tries to fill this gap by aiming to reproduce the results of a quantitative survey conducted in France in 2017 focusing more specifically on gay and lesbian people. Also, the results of this research are compared with the available literature on this question. RESULTS: By measuring indices such as the use of diets, weight or sport, we tend to show that homosexuals do not have the same relationship to the body as heterosexuals. We also show that differences appear among gays and lesbians. CONCLUSION: If the results of this study are concomitant with the international data on the subject, they also show blind spot in terms of relationship to the body of homosexual subcultures.

Cancer, territoires et discrimination : des zones rurales aux quartiers prioritaires de la ville.

INTRODUCTION: The article aims to characterize the social determinants that define the cancer experience in its plurality, making room for the consideration of socio-economic and ethno-racial inequalities, and discusses territorial entry as a marker of health inequalities. METHODS: The analysis retains the qualitative and French aspect of two projects, including a European research project of mixed protocol, and relies on 60 interviews with patients and professionals involved in their care and 100 H of in situ observation of care consultations. RESULTS: The results are structured around four axes. The first focuses on universal care and health coverage. The second focuses on 'visible minorities,' more present in the city priority neighborhoods (CPN) than in the rural areas, and their invisibilization in oncology. The third part shows that an analysis of the caregivers' interactions with patients must rely on the notion of trust and that they first and foremost come from the 'good reputation' of professionals and institutions. Finally, the fourth part puts into perspective the gendered contours of the trajectory of illness and social support. CONCLUSION: The article highlights the mechanisms of production of health inequalities in a context of desertification. It shows that these inequalities remain embedded in a system of territorial, socio-economic and racial segregation that reinforces the feelings of discrimination of cancer patients.

[Sexual minorities' link to the body: A quantitativ survey]. / Minorités sexuelles et rapport au corps : une recherche quantitative.

INTRODUCTION: While gay and lesbian sexual and reproductive health issues are well-informed, others issues about health and the relationship to the body are less often addressed.Purpose of research: Coming from "LGBTI Health" research, this article tries to fill this gap by aiming to reproduce the results of a quantitative survey conducted in France in 2017 focusing more specifically on gay and lesbian people. Also, the results of this research are compared with the available literature on this question. RESULTS: By measuring indices such as the use of diets, weight or sport, we tend to show that homosexuals do not have the same relationship to the body as heterosexuals. We also show that differences appear among gays and lesbians. CONCLUSION: If the results of this study are concomitant with the international data on the subject, they also show blind spot in terms of relationship to the body of homosexual subcultures.

[Cancer, territories and discrimination: From rural areas to the city priority neighborhoods]. / Cancer, territoires et discrimination : des zones rurales aux quartiers prioritaires de la ville.

INTRODUCTION: The article aims to characterize the social determinants that define the cancer experience in its plurality, making room for the consideration of socio-economic and ethno-racial inequalities, and discusses territorial entry as a marker of health inequalities. METHODS: The analysis retains the qualitative and French aspect of two projects, including a European research project of mixed protocol, and relies on 60 interviews with patients and professionals involved in their care and 100 H of in situ observation of care consultations. RESULTS: The results are structured around four axes. The first focuses on universal care and health coverage. The second focuses on 'visible minorities,' more present in the city priority neighborhoods (CPN) than in the rural areas, and their invisibilization in oncology. The third part shows that an analysis of the caregivers' interactions with patients must rely on the notion of trust and that they first and foremost come from the 'good reputation' of professionals and institutions. Finally, the fourth part puts into perspective the gendered contours of the trajectory of illness and social support. CONCLUSION: The article highlights the mechanisms of production of health inequalities in a context of desertification. It shows that these inequalities remain embedded in a system of territorial, socio-economic and racial segregation that reinforces the feelings of discrimination of cancer patients.

[Transsexualism : an obsolete nosological category]. / Le transsexualisme: une catégorie nosographique obsolète.

Transsexualism is a recent medical invention. In France, the diagnosis and clinical assessment of transsexualism are carried out jointly by lawyers, doctors and psychiatrists. However, recent quantitative and qualitative studies have shown that current uses of the concept of "transsexualism" no longer meet the demands of all trans people. Only a minority of trans people undergo a public protocol of transsexualization for the transition process. This finding is supported by evidence from a quantitative survey conducted by Alain Giami, and is apparent in the life stories of people who avoid using the "transsexual" label and criticize the clinical process for mistreating people. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the mechanisms of the subjective depsychiatrization and depathologization of trans identities and to examine current conceptions of trans "becomings".

[After "transsexualism"]. / Après le "transsexualisme".

Sex reassignment protocols in France do not meet the demands of people in transition. Consequently, transsexual people draw up what are called "free" transitions, without any psychiatric follow-up, opening the way for discussion on the place of the law and the need for psychiatry in these cases.