Development clustering system IDX company with k-means algorithm and DBSCAN based on fundamental indicator and ESG.

The global pandemic covid-19 offer buying opportunity to buy business with discounted price. This phenomenon attracts new type of investor around the world. This novice investor may aware that there is indices that is followed as benchmark. This benchmark was used as guidance, however, fact shown that some of this indices constituent fails to adapt and survive during global pandemic. Research indicates that formulation on inclusion and exclusion an index may biased. This novice investor may also be aware of so called blue chips company. However, yesterday winner may become tomorrow losers. This biased classification is done by human. This experiment intentionally to counter this practice, by using cutting edge machine learning to cluster IDX company using K-Means and DBSCAN algorithm. This experiment dataset is using KOMPAS100 fundamental indicator and it's ESG attributes. Experiment result suggesting there is five cluster in terms of fundamental and ESG in KOMPAS100.

Systematic literature review: The adaptation of distance learning process during the COVID-19 pandemic using virtual educational spaces in metaverse.

Virtual education has started to grab interest since technology emerges in everything in our life. Metaverse is one of the technologies that has been conceived since the late 90s and is currently being renewed and renovated to suit current changes. Yet, many teachers and students still do not know how to utilize Metaverse to create a new atmosphere in the learning process. Therefore, this study aims to show the results of using Metaverse in the form of virtual space in the educational field and how teachers and students respond to the process. In this study, the authors would like to conduct a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on the advantages and disadvantages of virtual educational spaces in Metaverse based on many previous studies related to this topic. Survey results conducted by previous studies show that students mostly enjoy using Metaverse as their learning method and can comprehend several lessons better when using Metaverse than traditional learning- textbook-based and face-to-face learning. Unfortunately, only several studies focus on finding preferred subjects to teach using the Metaverse and for which educational level this method suits best. In general, the authors conclude that Metaverse has excellent potential in the future to be explored profoundly in the education field due to the development of skills in the use of technology and a significant increase in student practice scores. However, the guidance of teachers and parents is still needed so that students can avoid the disadvantages.

Validation of the Prognostic Utility of ESTRO/EORTC Oligometastatic Disease Classification: A Secondary Analysis From the Population-Based Phase II SABR-5 Trial.

PURPOSE: The recently developed European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO)/European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) oligometastatic disease (OMD) classification has not been validated in terms of its prognostic significance. This study stratified patients from the phase II SABR-5 trial based on ESTRO/EORTC criteria and compared progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) to determine the prognostic significance of the classification scheme. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The SABR-5 trial was a single arm phase II study conducted at the 6 regional cancer centers across British Columbia (BC), Canada, where SABR for oligometastases was only offered on trial. Patients with up to 5 oligometastases (total or not controlled by prior treatment and including induced OMD) underwent SABR to all lesions. Patients were 18 years of age or older, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group 0 to 2, and life expectancy ≥6 months. PFS and OS were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and differences between OMD groups were assessed with log-rank tests. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed using Cox regression modeling. RESULTS: Between November 2016 and July 2020, 381 patients underwent SABR on trial. Median follow-up was 27 months (interquartile range, 18-36). The most frequent OMD group was de novo OMD (69%), followed by repeat (16%) and induced (13%). OMD groups differed significantly in PFS (P < .001) but not OS (P = .069). The OMD classification was an independent predictor of both PFS (P = .005) and OS (P = .002). Of the 5 classification factors, only chronicity (synchronous, hazard ratio, 0.52; P = .027) and oligoprogression (hazard ratio, 2.05; P = .004) were independently prognostic for OS. CONCLUSIONS: In this large prospective cohort, the ESTRO/EORTC classification was an independent predictor of PFS and OS and should be used to identify specific patient groups for clinical trials. In this trial population, the prognostic power is largely attributable to chronicity and oligoprogression. Simplification of the framework may be possible in the future and allow for greater ease of use; however, further data on underrepresented OMD groups and histologies will be required.

Forecasting Social Distancing impact on COVID-19 in Jakarta using SIRD Model.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new emerging disease and a pandemic causing a high number of deaths. It is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) and transmitted via droplets. Several countries including Indonesia had applied social distancing to reduce the disease transmission. In this study, we were using two groups, with social distancing and without social distancing represented by quarantine parameter Q. We predict the peak number in both groups using Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Deceased (SIRD) model. The aims of this study are to compare the peak number of cases in groups with and without social distancing cases in Jakarta. This study result in a lower peak number and longer days of disease period in group with strict social distancing than in groups without social distancing, the current case number represent quarantine parameter Q 0.4 of SIRD Model. We suggest applying strict social distancing in Jakarta considering the duration, health standard, and other factors affecting COVID-19 cases.

Temporally selective contextual encoding in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus.

A recent model of the hippocampus predicts that the unique properties of the dentate gyrus allow for temporal separation of events. This temporal separation is accomplished in part through the continual generation of new neurons, which, due to a transient window of hyperexcitability, could allow for preferential encoding of information present during their development. Here we obtain in vivo electrophysiological recordings and identify a cell population exhibiting activity that is selective to single contexts when rats experience a long temporal separation between context exposures during training. This selectivity is attenuated as the temporal separation between context exposures is shortened and is further attenuated when neurogenesis is reduced. Our data reveal the existence of a temporal orthogonalizing neuronal code within the dentate gyrus, a hallmark feature of episodic memory.

The role of visual cortex acetylcholine in learning to discriminate temporally modulated visual stimuli.

Cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain innervate discrete regions of the cortical mantle, bestowing the cholinergic system with the potential to dynamically modulate sub-regions of the cortex according to behavioral demands. Cortical cholinergic activity has been shown to facilitate learning and modulate attention. Experiments addressing these issues have primarily focused on widespread cholinergic depletions, extending to areas involved in general cognitive processes and sleep cycle regulation, making a definitive interpretation of the behavioral role of cholinergic projections difficult. Furthermore, a review of the electrophysiological literature suggests that cholinergic modulation is particularly important in representing the fine temporal details of stimuli, an issue rarely addressed in behavioral experimentation. The goal of this work is to understand the role of cholinergic projections, specific to the sensory cortices, in learning to discriminate fine differences in the temporal structure of stimuli. A novel visual Go/No-Go task was developed to assess the ability of rats to learn to discriminate fine differences in the temporal structure of visual stimuli (lights flashing at various frequencies). The cholinergic contribution to this task was examined by selective reduction of acetylcholine projections to visual cortex (VCx) (using 192 IgG-saporin), either before or after discrimination training. We find that in the face of compromised cholinergic input to the VCx, the rats' ability to learn to perform fine discriminations is impaired, whereas their ability to perform previously learned discriminations remains unaffected. These results suggest that acetylcholine serves the role of facilitating plastic changes in the sensory cortices that are necessary for an animal to refine its sensitivity to the temporal characteristics of relevant stimuli.

On the evolutionary and ontogenetic origins of tool-oriented behaviour in New Caledonian crows (Corvus moneduloides).

New Caledonian crows (Corvus moneduloides) are prolific tool users in captivity and in the wild, and have an inherited predisposition to express tool-oriented behaviours. To further understand the evolution and development of tool use, we compared the development of object manipulation in New Caledonian crows and common ravens (Corvus corax), which do not routinely use tools. We found striking qualitative similarities in the ontogeny of tool-oriented behaviour in New Caledonian crows and food-caching behaviour in ravens. Given that the common ancestor of New Caledonian crows and ravens was almost certainly a caching species, we therefore propose that the basic action patterns for tool use in New Caledonian crows may have their evolutionary origins in caching behaviour. Noncombinatorial object manipulations had similar frequencies in the two species. However, frequencies of object combinations that are precursors to functional behaviour increased in New Caledonian crows and decreased in ravens throughout the study period, ending 6 weeks post-fledging. These quantitative observations are consistent with the hypothesis that New Caledonian crows develop tool-oriented behaviour because of an increased motivation to perform object combinations that facilitate the necessary learning.

New Caledonian crows use tools for non-foraging activities.

Tool use is of great interest for cognitive research, largely because it can be particularly revealing about the underlying information processing mechanisms. Tool use that is inflexible or requires extensive experience to change, and that is only addressed towards specific targets such as food, is not likely to reflect unusual or particularly complex cognition. On the contrary, if tools are employed flexibly and for a variety of innovative purposes, then conventional combinations of inherited predispositions and associative learning are challenged and interesting questions emerge. Since New Caledonian crows (Corvus moneduloides) are especially adept at using and making tools for food extraction, we decided to examine their ability to generalise this to other contexts. We recorded how five pairs of New Caledonian crows interacted with novel objects that were not associated with food. We observed eight occasions in which the first contact with the novel object was mediated by a tool, suggesting that the function of the tool was for exploration. This is the first report of non-foraging tool use in New Caledonian crows, and it implies that the cognitive operations controlling tool-oriented behaviour in this species are more general than previously thought.

Xanthoma disseminatum: a case report and literature review.

This case report describes the neuro-opthalmologic and respiratory manifestations of xanthoma disseminatum, a rare histiocytosis syndrome characterized by disseminated lesions in a young male adult. Multimodality management of this disease, including the role of local radiotherapy, is discussed accompanied by a review of the literature.

Neoadjuvant hormone therapy and radical radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: poorer biochemical outcome using flutamide alone.

Since a recent meta-analysis of non-steroidal anti-androgen therapy in metastatic prostate cancer concluded that survival was worse compared with medical or surgical androgen withdrawal, we analyzed our experience with flutamide monotherapy and other forms of neoadjuvant hormone therapy (NHT) prior to radiation therapy in clinically localized prostate cancer. A total of 45 patients received flutamide and 328 patients received other NHT. Flutamide patients had higher PSA levels at diagnosis and shorter duration of treatment, which could bias the results against flutamide monotherapy. Kaplan Meier analysis of PSA -- disease free survival showed significantly poorer outcome with flutamide monotherapy. Multivariate analysis supported this conclusion. Until equivalence to other forms of NHT is shown, we do not recommend flutamide monotherapy prior to radical radiation. A prospective randomized trial would be necessary to confirm this conclusion.

Neoadjuvant hormone therapy and external beam radiation for localized prostate cancer: Vancouver Island Cancer Centre experience.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of neo-adjuvant hormone therapy (NAHT) given prior to radiation in patients with clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate. METHODS: Six hundred nine patients were treated between 1992 and 1997 with NAHT prior to radiation therapy. Clinical stage, presenting PSA and Gleason score were examined for influence on outcome. Time to post radiotherapy failure was defined from the first assessed PSA value over 4 microg/L at follow-up. Radiation therapy was confined to the prostate and seminal vesicles. Median follow-up was 2.6 years. RESULTS: PSA disease free survival (PDFS) decreased with increasing cancer risk factors (p <.0.0001). The overall duration of NAHT was significant with patients receiving >8 months having a lower failure rate than those on therapy for <3 months (p <0.0001). The PSA prior to starting radiation correlated with outcome, a PSA <=0.1 microg\L having a better PDFS than those with a PSA >=4 microg\L (P <0.0001). NAHT for >8 months gave improved PDFS in intermediate grade Gleason score 5-7, (n = 256, p <0.0001), high grade Gleason score 8-10 (n = 80, p =0.005), but not in low grade, Gleason score <=4. CONCLUSION: Neo-adjuvant hormone therapy for >8 months offers prolonged PSA disease free survival in patients with less well differentiated tumors, Gleason score >4. Clinical trials are required to confirm this.