Sagittal deformity of Garden type I and II geriatric femoral neck fractures is frequently misclassified by lateral radiographs.

The objective of this study was to determine the validity and inter-rater reliability of radiographic assessment of sagittal deformity of femoral neck fractures. Design: This is a retrospective cohort study. Setting: Level 1 trauma center. Patients/Participants: Thirty-one patients 65 years or older who sustained low-energy, Garden type I/II femoral neck fractures imaged with biplanar radiographs and either computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging were included. Main Outcome Measurements: Preoperative sagittal tilt was measured on lateral radiographs and compared with the tilt identified on advanced imaging. Fractures were defined as "high-risk" if posterior tilt was ≥20 degrees or anterior tilt was >10 degrees. Results: Of 31 Garden type I/II femoral neck fractures, advanced imaging identified 10 high-risk fractures including 8 (25.8%) with posterior tilt ≥20 degrees and 2 (6.5%) with anterior tilt >10 degrees. Overall, there was no significant difference between sagittal tilt measured using lateral radiographs and advanced imaging (P = 0.84), and the 3 raters had good agreement between their measurements of sagittal tilt on lateral radiographs (interclass correlation coefficient 0.79, 95% confidence interval [0.65, 0.88], P < 0.01). However, for high-risk fractures, radiographic measurements from lateral radiographs alone resulted in greater variability and underestimation of tilt by 5.2 degrees (95% confidence interval [-18.68, 8.28]) when compared with computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging. Owing to this underestimation of sagittal tilt, the raters misclassified high-risk fractures as "low-risk" in most cases (averaging 6.3 of 10, 63%, range 6 - 7) when using lateral radiographs while low-risk fractures were rarely misclassified as high-risk (averaging 1.7 of 21, 7.9%, range 1 - 3, P = 0.01). Conclusions: Lateral radiographs frequently lead surgeons to misclassify high-risk sagittal tilt of low-energy femoral neck fractures as low-risk. Further research is necessary to improve the assessment of sagittal plane deformity for these injuries. Level of Evidence: Level IV diagnostic study.

Sweet syndrome with osseous and splenic involvement: A case report.

Sweet syndrome is an uncommon inflammatory skin condition. Here we present a case of Sweet syndrome in a young woman with rare extracutaneous manifestations, including bone and splenic fluid collections, with marked improvement following treatment with systemic corticosteroids. The patient was subsequently diagnosed with Crohn's disease which can be seen in the setting of Sweet syndrome. Sterile abscesses should be considered in patients with a clinical diagnosis of Sweet syndrome and focal symptomatology.

Heterotopic ossification post COVID-19: Report of two cases.

Heterotopic ossification is often associated with trauma and surgery, and infrequently reported with immobilization due to critical illness. We present 2 patients who developed heterotopic ossification following severe COVID-19 infection. Both patients were middle-aged females who were hospitalized for one month or greater due to COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation. Both developed shoulder pain and/or stiffness a few months after discharge, with imaging studies clearly illustrating development of heterotopic ossification around the shoulders. The etiology is unclear, with immobilization and hypoxia being the primary considerations. Physical examination and radiography are essential to diagnosis. Awareness of this complication and early diagnosis may help minimize functional impairment.

High-Fidelity Simulation Training for the Diagnosis and Management of Adverse Contrast Media Reactions.

OBJECTIVE: Adverse reactions to contrast media are potentially life-threatening events that require prompt recognition and management by radiologists who may have little experience with them. The objectives of this project were to develop and assess a simulation-based program that would equip radiology trainees with appropriate knowledge and skills to recognize and manage adverse contrast media reactions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen adverse contrast media reaction scenarios were developed to run on high-fidelity adult and pediatric mannequins in a simulation center. Ninety-six radiology trainees (postgraduate year 2-6) participated in the program, which consisted of two didactic lectures and a simulation session. For each simulation session, seven scenarios were chosen. Objective quizzes assessing knowledge and subjective questionnaires assessing comfort were completed both before and after the simulation. A survey assessing the overall program was also completed. RESULTS: All 96 radiology trainees viewed the didactic lectures, attended a simulation session, and completed the pre- and postsimulation quizzes and questionnaires. Mean scores increased from 69% to 82% (p < 0.001) and from 3.1 to 4.5 out of 5 (p < 0.001) on the objective and subjective tests, respectively. Statistically significant improvement was also seen when participants were separated according to level of training. On the final program evaluation survey, scores ranged from 4.5 to 4.7 out of 5. CONCLUSION: We describe the development of a high-fidelity simulation program with a larger variety of scenarios than in prior studies that can provide radiologists the knowledge and skills needed to recognize and manage adverse contrast media reactions. We saw a statistically significant improvement in knowledge and comfort levels across all levels of training.

Imaging in Chronic Kidney Disease-Metabolic Bone Disease.

Musculoskeletal manifestations in chronic kidney disease (CKD) are the result of a series of complex alterations in mineral metabolism, which has been defined as chronic kidney disease - mineral and bone-related disorder (CKD-MBD). Biochemical assessment and, at times, bone biopsy remains the mainstay of disease assessment, however, radiological imaging is an important adjunct in evaluating disease severity. This review aims to illustrate the radiological features of CKD-MBD, such as secondary hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia, adynamic bone disease, osteopenia, and extra-skeletal calcifications.