ABSTRACT
Traditional didactic methods have not been successful in promoting independent and reflective students. Thus new teaching techniques are essential to optimize the way students learn. This study aimed to evaluate the perception of students, from the Faculty of Ceilandia, University of Brasília (FCE/UnB), about the active method "inverted class," which has as its primary characteristic to stimulate the student to study and research the contents before the theoretical classes or explanation of the teacher. To this end, 64 students of the summer course participated in the Flipped Classroom and later evaluated the discipline method. Initially, they received a script with clinical questions about the class's content, which should be discussed and answered about the basic, clinical, and practical application concepts. To evaluate the didactic method applied, on the last day of class, the summer class students were invited to answer a survey about satisfaction when learning the contents. For 98% of the students, the teaching method used was approved. It is also emphasized that this class had 48 repeating students, unmotivated with the course because, for many, they declared themselves unable to be approved. Given the success of the method, we decided to apply it throughout 2018, so the method was applied to over 180 students of FCE/UnB health courses. In short, it is considered that the results presented here to support other studies that highlight the need for changes in traditional teaching methods, which is a didactic option in undergraduate courses.
Subject(s)
Learning , Students , Humans , Problem-Based Learning , Surveys and Questionnaires , TeachingABSTRACT
The Cebus monkey displays a high capacity for adaptation to urban environments, and its high level of encephalization has generated great interest by scientific community to study it. The study of the vascularization of the arm of Cebus is important because of its arboreal habits. Twenty-four animals donated by Ibama (Brazilian Institute for the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources) from the city of Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, and housed in the anatomy collections of the Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU) and the Federal University of Goiás (UFG) were used. The arterial system of these animals was injected with coloring latex, after which the arteries were dissected using stereoscopic microscope or the naked eye. In general terms, the findings on the brachial vessels of the Cebus monkey are identical to those found in humans and in other primates. In specific terms, the most outstanding variation was the small size or the absence of the brachial artery in Cebus. The arterial model of Cebus corroborates its arboreal behavior and constant use of its thoracic limbs.
O macaco Cebus possui alta capacidade de adaptação em ambientes urbanos e o seu elevado índice de encefalização tem gerado grande interesse por parte da comunidade científica em estudá-lo. A importância do estudo da vascularização do braço desses animais é em virtude do seu hábito arbóreo. Foram usados 24 animais doados pelo Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente (Ibama) de Sete Lagoas, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, depositados nas coleções anatômicas da Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) e Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG). O sistema arterial dos espécimes foi injetado com látex corado e, posteriormente, as artérias foram dissecadas com o auxílio de microscópico estereoscópico ou a olhos desarmados. Em termos gerais, os achados em Cebus acerca de vasos braquiais são idênticos aos encontrados em humanos e outros primatas. Em termos específicos, o fato marcante foi a ocorrência de uma curta artéria braquial, que em alguns casos pode estar ausente, nos Cebus. O modelo arterial braquial em Cebus corrobora seu comportamento arbóreo e constante uso dos membros torácicos.
ABSTRACT
Eight adult specimens of Cebus paella were used for anatomical muscles characterization. The animals were donated by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Recyclable Natural Resources (Ibama Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente), from Sete Lagoas, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and sacrificed according to the recommendations of Brazilian College of Animal Experimentation (Cobea Colégio Brasileiro de Experimentação Animal). This work was approved by ethics committee from UFU (Federal University of Uberlândia). The muscles (1) squared pronator, (2) deep fingers flexor and (3) long thumb flexor were studied. In human beings, the deep muscles of Cebus paella have some general common characteristics, but differ in form, vascularization and innervation. These differences should reflect the functional specialization of those muscles between the two species. The long thumb flexor muscle is important for human beings fingers movement since the force of hand in Cebus paella is a necessary characteristic to this species, according to its arboreous habit
Este trabalho utilizou 8 espécimes adultos de Cebus apella para caracterização anatômica de músculos do antebraço. Os animais foram doados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis (Ibama), de Sete Lagoas, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, e sacrificados segundo as recomendações do Colégio Brasileiro de Experimentação Animal (Cobea). O trabalho foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética da UFU. Foram estudados os músculos (1) pronador quadrado, (2) flexor profundo dos dedos e (3) flexor longo do polegar. Em relação aos humanos, os músculos profundos do antebraço de Cebus apella apresentaram características gerais comuns, mas com algumas diferenças na forma, na vascularização e na inervação, diferenças que devem refletir as especializações funcionais daqueles músculos entre as duas espécies. O músculo flexor profundo do polegar privilegia a habilidade de movimentação dos dedos em humanos, e a força da mão em Cebus apella mostra-se necessária nessa espécie, em função de seus hábitos arbóreos
ABSTRACT
The anatomy of Cebus paella is the missing gap between prosimians and monkeys from the new world. Comparisons between Cebus and human beings are reported, among other comparative considerations in relation to chimpanzees, baboons, cats and dogs. The Brazilian Institute for Environment and Recyclable Natural Resources (Ibama Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente) from Sete Lagoas, state of Minas Gerais (Brazil), donated eight different species of Cebus paella and they were sacrificed according to the recommendations of the Brazilian Society of Animal Experimentation (Cobea Colégio Brasileiro de Experimentação Animal). There was equivalence in the distribution and innervation of the arm nerves of Cebus and human beings, although there was divergence in the trajectory of median and ulnar nerves, which presented higher similarity with cats and dogs. Anatomical structures not present in human beings, as the epicondilar foramen and the dorsal-olecraneal muscle, differ in the trajectory and distribution of some nerves
A anatomia do Cebus apella é a lacuna que falta entre prossímios e os macacos do novo mundo. Comparações entre Cebus e humanos são relatadas, dentre outras considerações comparativas em relação a chimpanzés, babuínos, gatos e cães. Oito espécimes de Cebus apella foram doados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Naturais Renováveis (Ibama), de Sete Lagoas, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, e sacrificados segundo as recomendações do Colégio Brasileiro de Experimentação Animal (Cobea). Houve equivalência na distribuição e inervação dos nervos do braço de Cebus e humanos, embora se tenha encontrado divergência no trajeto dos nervos mediano e ulnar, que apresentaram maior similaridade com cães e gatos. Estruturas anatômicas inexistentes no homem, como o forame epicondilar e o músculo dorso-olécrano, geram disparidade no trajeto e na distribuição de alguns nervos
