[Argumentation for use of laser fluorescence spectrometry in identification of inflammatory diseases of pharynx]. / Obosnovanie primeneniya lazerno-flyuorestsentnoi spektrometrii v identifikatsii vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii glotki.

OBJECTIVE: The article demonstrates the experience of using laser fluorescence spectrometry (LFS) in the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of pharynx, describes a method for recording spectra of pharyngeal tissues using the EnSpectr L405 hardware-software complex operating on the basis of laser radiation with a wavelength of 405 nm, and identifies characteristic features of spectral curves. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The authors presented the characteristics of the spectra from the surface of the pharynx tissue of healthy volunteers, patients with chronic tonsillitis and granular pharyngitis. RESULTS: The most informative parameters of the spectral curves were calculated, analyzing which it is possible to identify the morphometric, metabolic, functional features of the tissue of the tonsils and posterior pharyngeal wall in normal and pathological conditions. CONCLUSION: The article illustrates the importance of developing highly sensitive and highly specific methods for the rapid diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of the pharynx. The presented technology can be used in clinical practice in future.

[Rationale for the application of surface-enhanced Raman scattering for identification of main pathogens of purulent-inflammatory diseases in maxillofacial area]. / Obosnovanie primeneniia éffekta gigantskogo ramanovskogo rasseianiia dlia identifikatsii osnovnykh vozbuditelei gnoino-vospalitel'nykh protsessov cheliustno-litsevoi oblasti.

The objective of the research was to elaborate experimental-theoretical and clinic-bacteriological rationale for the application of laser diagnostic for identification of main pathogens of purulent-inflammatory processes in maxillofacial area. For germs identification by giant Raman scattering effect SERS-substrate with nano silver metallic balls, reference strains (Ps. aeruginosa 27853 and S. aureus 25923) and clinical cultures of Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Escherichia coli were used. Using an example of purulent inflammation pathogens we considered that each of bacterial species is characterized by individual spectral lines of Raman scattering, which allows to identify them in short term (1-2 min). Moreover the proposed method is highly sensitive (105-106 CFU/ml). Creation of germs library and device portability makes use of laser diagnostic for express-indication purulent infections possible directly in clinical conditions. Thus, analytical capability, quick result, high sensitivity and peculiarity, economical effectiveness due to lack of necessity to use growth medium and to transport it to microbiological lab gives an opportunity to consider laser diagnostic as a perspective universal express-method of clinical microbiology.

Fluorescence Spectroscopy Application in the Express-evaluation of the Gastrointestinal Microflora.

Possible application is studied for fluorescence spectroscopy in the express-evaluation of the gastrointestinal microflora. This diagnostic approach is feasible because of the difference in fluorescent spectra from different microorganisms, with anaerobic microorganisms exhibiting the most pronounced fluorescence. It was found that fluorescence strength raised with an increase in the bacteria Bacteroides and bifid bacteria, whereas it decreased with an increase in Escherichia coli. The bacteria Bacteroides and bifid bacteria are the most typical representatives of anaerobic bacteria, whereas the bacteria Escherichia coli arc the typical representatives of aerobic bacteria. According to the literature, Bacteroides and bifid bacteria reveal an intense fluorescence. Bearing in mind that these genera of bacteria play an important role in the gastrointestinal microbiocenosis, fluorescence spectroscopy can be used as a diagnostic means for gastrointestinal dysbacteriosis.

Prospects for applying fluorescence spectroscopy to diagnose the hard tissues of a tooth.

This article deals with the autofluorescence spectra from the hard tissues of a tooth, both in norm and pathology. An investigation was made on 30 extracted human teeth. The measurements were made both for the intact hard tissues of a tooth, such as enamel, dentine, cementum, and root canal, and for the tissues pathologically affected by a caries (superficial, intermediate, and deep) and by a dental calculus. It was found that the fluorescent spectra from enamel, dentine, cementum, and from the regions affected by a caries and dental calculus were identical in form. All the spectra revealed a maximum near 700 nm. However, the intact and affected hard tissues were greatly different in the integral fluorescent intensity. Dental calculus was found to produce the most pronounced fluorescent intensity, whereas the carious regions produced a slightly weaker fluorescent intensity. On the contrary, the intact hard tissues of a tooth exhibited the poorest fluorescent intensity.

Fluorescence spectroscopy application in the express-evaluation of the gastrointestinal microflora.

Possible application is studied for fluorescence spectroscopy in the express-evaluation of the gastrointestinal microflora. This diagnostic approach is feasible because of the difference in fluorescent spectra from different microorganisms, with anaerobic microorganisms exhibiting the most pronounced fluorescence. It was found that fluorescence strength raised with an increase in the bacteria Bacteroides and bifid bacteria, whereas it decreased with an increase in Escherichia coli. The bacteria Bacteroides and bifid bacteria are the most typical representatives of anaerobic bacteria, whereas the bacteria Escherichia coli are the typical representatives of aerobic bacteria. According to the literature, Bacteroides and bifid bacteria reveal an intense fluorescence. Bearing in mind that these genera of bacteria play an important role in the gastrointestinal microbiocenosis, fluorescence spectroscopy can be used as a diagnostic means for gastrointestinal dysbacteriosis.

Monoclonal antibodies to a tumour-associated antigen isolated from circulating immune complexes of bovine leukemia virus-infected cattle.

From circulating immune complexes (ICs) of BLV-infected cattle, an antigen preparation was produced that contained some virus-specific proteins and a tumour-associated antigen. Eleven hybridoma clones were produced that secreted monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) to this tumour-associated antigen, and two of them, MoAbs 1B4 and 1E9, were used in further studies. Most antibodies were of IgG1 subclass and showed no cytotoxic activity towards lymphocytes of BLV-positive cattle or to certain tumour cells. The MoAbs 1B4 and 1E9 recognized an antigen of about 75 kD on the cell surface of bovine lymphosarcoma cells and circulating lymphocytes from BLV-infected cattle with persistent lymphocytosis. The results presented indicate that the circulating immune complexes from BLV-positive cattle contain a tumour-associated antigen that is expressed on tumour cells and on lymphocytes from cattle with persistent lymphocytosis.

Peroxidase activities in bull spermatozoa.

The present study was carried out to determine the localization of peroxidase activity in bull spermatozoa. 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) was used as a substrate for revealing peroxidase activity, and light and electron microscopic analysis of the results obtained was performed. Peroxidase activity was detected in the mitochondria of the middle piece and the outer acrosomal membrane. Catalase was excluded as an enzyme, catalyzing the detected peroxidase activity. Concerning the biochemical properties of bull sperm peroxidases, peroxidase activity was found to be manifested in a large pH range, 4-10.5. Bull sperm peroxidase activity appeared to be temperature sensitive and azide sensitive and could be readily inhibited by phenylhydrazine. Electrophoretic analysis of the proteins from bull sperm extracts separated in a Davis-Ornstein system of 7% polyacrylamide gel, followed by the determination of peroxidase activity on the polyacrylamide gels, revealed that all 14 sperm protein fractions available on the gel possessed peroxidase when benzidine was used as a substrate. The possible reasons for the electrophoretic heterogeneity of bull sperm peroxidases are discussed.