[The development of health preservation technologies: from individual to family approach].

The actuality of considered problem is in the fact that many medical social problems of preserving and improving population health can be resolved by the family and with its support. The purpose of the study is to substantiate scientifically priority of family approach in development of National health preservation system in actual conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The national and foreign electronic databases were investigated to find publications concerning transformation of matrimonial relations, effect of family on health and need in health preservation technologies at each stage of its development. RESULTS: It is demonstrated that implementation of family-oriented technologies of health preservation based on knowledge of trends in family health, matrimonial relations and demographic shifts in its structure is one of the priority directions of preserving and strengthening population health. Moreover, in modern socioeconomic conditions, the categories of families that are in special need of medical social protection and health preservation such as socially problematic families, families where violence is practiced, families of the unemployed and migrants are shown up. Hence, one of the priority scientific tasks is to substantiate conceptual model of health preservation technologies for various types of families. CONCLUSION: The family and its health should become priority object of medical observation and research studies from the standpoint of public health and health care.

[Actual problems of planning the number of posts of otorhinolaryngologists]. / Aktual'nye problemy planirovaniya chislennosti dolzhnostei vrachei-otorinolaringologov.

The article presents comparisons of planned and normative and actual data on medical care in otorhinolaryngology, analysis of the normative number of otorhinolaryngologists according to the current orders of the Ministry of Health of Russia. It is concluded that it is necessary to amend modern regulatory documents.

[The dynamics of primary and common morbidity of population older than able-bodied age].

The purpose of the study is to analyze dynamic of primary and general morbidity of population older than able-bodied age in Moscow Oblast, including data comparing in the Central Federal Okrug and the Russian Federation. The data of statistical reports of City of Moscow, the Central Federal Okrug and the Russian Federation in 2013-2018 was included in analysis. The common analytical and mathematical statistical methods were applied. It was established that in Moscow Oblast in 2013-2018, against the background of stagnation of primary morbidity of population older than able-bodied age, indices of mental and behavioral disorders, neoplasms and diseases of circulatory system. At the same time, the level of primary morbidity of the region's population older than able-bodied age exceeds that one of the Russian Federation or the Central Federal Okrug in almost all classes of diseases. The structure of primary morbidity has not changed and respiratory diseases, injures and poisoning and diseases of circulatory system continue to rank first places. The level of general morbidity also remained unchanged. However, morbidity of neoplasms, diseases of endocrine system and mental and behavior disorders continues to increase. The structure of general morbidity of population of this age group differs the structure of primary morbidity and diseases of circulatory, respiratory and musculoskeletal systems ranked first places. Monitoring and analysis of primary and general morbidity of population older than able-bodied age is necessary for developing measures of its decreasing on the basis of development of medical social and geriatric care in the regions.

[Methods for quality of life assessment in children with orphanic diseases].

Orphan (rare) diseases include congenital or acquired diseases, the frequency of occurrence of which does not exceed a certain number established by the laws of various countries. Despite its rarity, the orphan diseases make a significant contribution to the structure of population disability and most of them have no specific treatment. One of the main clinical challenges in these patients is to ensure their high quality of life (QOL). The review describes basic non-specific and specific questionnaires for assessing QOL in children with orphan diseases. An ideal questionnaire for assessing QOL in children with orphan disease should be sufficiently reliable, valid, sensitive and specific, fill out by a child or adolescents on their own, include questions covering as much as possible all areas of life and health aspects - especially those associated with the main decease. The questionnaire should not be too huge and complicated for the patient. From the side of the researcher, the simplicity of the tool in calculating and the ability to use the results for subsequent analysis are important.

[Clinical and economical aspects of a social support program for the free making and repair dentures in the territory of the Moscow region for 2016-2018].

The Government of the Moscow Region has approved more than 120 different social support measures for residents of the Moscow Region. Their aim is to help disadvantaged groups. The social support program of making and repair dentures for Moscow region residents provides preservation of dental health and restoration of masticatory effectiveness. A retrospective analysis of program implementation for the period from 2016 to 2018 showed an increase of 19% in the average cost of treatment. We found a correlation between the cost of conventional unit of labor and the exchange rate, an increase in the salaries of doctors and nurses, and tariffs for utilities. Planning the subsidies allocated for the implementation of social support measures is an extremely laborious and responsible process, therefore, proper financing requires taking into account all existing factors affecting the economic situation in the context of not only the Moscow Region, but also the Russian Federation.

[The role of actual demographic trends in improving state health policy].

The decreasing of demographic security level is a global social economic trend in both developed and developing economies. Hence there is an urgent need in improving state social policy, including health care. The key target of this study is to evaluate the role of modern demographic trends in improving state social economic policy in health care. The study characterizes demography role in developing state health care strategy and to assesses world demographic trends that permitted to formulate potential barriers and obstacles in achieving stable level of demographic security. The distinctive features of modern demographic trends in Russia were identified and used as a background in developing prospective ways of improving state health policy in Russia with specific focusing on identified identified predicaments in national demographic development. The interdisciplinary analysis was applied in the field of theory and practice of health demography as a new scientific area as well as systemic and economic analysis. The most important result of the study was the established need in assessing relationship between current national demographic situation and economic efficiency and social economic consequences for whole society that actualized retrieval and elaboration of relevant social economic indices of life quality within the framework of health demography.

[The Attitude of Physicians of Donor Bases to Problems of Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues].

The article considers social aspects of transplantology on the basis of analysis of data of questionnaire survey of 266 physicians of donor bases of the Federal Center implementing transplantation of human organs and tissues. The respondents were representatives of the most prevalent medical professions and ll age gender groups. According to study results, physicians are aware of importance of development of organs and tissues transplantation in the region though take a very passive standing related to informing transplantation specialists about availability of a potential donor. The involvement of physicians in the transplantation program in the first place depends on position of administration of medical institution. At the same time, 44,3±3,1% of physicians are aware of such the most important normative legal principle regulating possibility of postmortem intake of organs as consent presumption. Less than 18,6±2,4% of physicians support this standard. Half of the respondents are ready, in case of their instant death, to become donors of organs and are ready too in case of such a proposal to sign consent to possible postmortem donorship. Therefore, one of conditions of development of organs and tissues transplantation in the region is implementation of explanatory work with medical community targeted to increasing of motivation of personnel of donor bases to active interaction with transplantology specialists.