[Trends of physical development and adaptation to the study load and health-improving sports activities in elementary schoolchildren of Moscow]. / Dinamika pokazatelei fizicheskogo razvitiya i adaptatsii mladshikh shkol'nikov Moskvy k uchebnym nagruzkam i ozdorovitel'nym zanyatiyam fizicheskoi kul'turoi.

The inclusion of 7-10-year-old children in the school system occurs in the context of the interaction of two processes: activation of ontogenesis at this stage of age development and stimulation of biological and psychological adaptation of younger schoolchildren to the learning activity. The main factors negatively affecting the health of elementary school students are the following: hypokinesia, mental and psycho-emotional stress related to computer and digital learning technologies, prolonged stay in closed rooms of the educational institution rather than in the natural environment. In this regard, it is relevant to find ways to improve the adaptive capacity of children, their physical development (PD), musculoskeletal system (MS), and muscular core as a biological basis for learning activities. OBJECTIVE: To determine the trends of the state of regulatory systems (RS), adaptation, and PD in primary school children in Moscow shaped by preventive physical fitness (PF) classes developed within the framework of the federal state educational standard (FSES) to improve adaptation, PD, MS, and muscular core state. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A pedagogical experiment was conducted; 120 schoolchildren of both sexes in the 1st-4th forms at two Moscow schools were examined during the initial stage of the experiment. All students were engaged in preventive physical fitness classes, including game-based activities and exercises embedded in the FSES for primary schools. More than 50% of students attended extracurricular sports sections in football (17.5%), ballroom dancing (10.0%), karate (6.6%), swimming (5.8%), gymnastics (including acrobatics) (5.0%), basketball (5.0%) and figure skating (3.3%). Diagnostic methods included: anthropometric methods to measure height, bodyweight using a stadiometer and automatic medical scales; dynamometer method, in standing position, arm with dynamometer extended horizontally at shoulder level; a motor test to determine coordination abilities; diagnostics of heart rhythm variability (HRV) using Varicard-Express hardware-software complex. The calculated HRV parameters were determined: a regulatory systems activity index (RSAI) to determine the adaptive capacity of the body, and stress index (SI) to assess the subject's exposure to stress. RESULTS: It was demonstrated that schoolchildren in the Moscow metropolitan area are characterized by slower growth processes with activation at 8-9 years instead of 6-7 years. The baseline RSAI values in all children were at level 5, which corresponds to the state of RS stress of the body. Preventive PF classes led to improved adaptation in 7-8-year-old children. The condition of 50% of schoolchildren based on SI was optimal; 1/5 (22%) of schoolchildren had the initial stage of psychoemotional stress, 18% (in total) of children had severe and extremely severe RS stress related to the school environment. CONCLUSION: Monitoring of the RS adaptation and health state allows teaching, preventive, health-improving, and recreational activities in educational institutions with respect to individual and typological features of students, as well as minimizing the negative effects of the education digitalization on the physical and mental development of schoolchildren.

[THE IMPACT OF PERINATAL METABOLIC DISORDERS CHOICE MODE MECHANICAL VENTILATION IN NEWBORNS.]

THE AIM: To study the influence of perinatal metabolic disorders, metabolism on the choice of mode of artificial lung ventilation in newborns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 73 neonates with severe respiratory failure, therefore, all children underwent ALV Depending on the mode ofventilation, patients were divided into two groups: group 1 - 33 neonates who were at the beginning of treatment on a ventilator in the SIMV mode, then led to HFO ventilation; group 2 - 40 neonates who underwent only the SIMV The study used following research methods: analysis ofpregnancy anamnestic data; clinical assessment of the newborn's condition at birth including Apgar score (AS) on the 1st minute after birth; registration of changes of mode and parameters of mechanical ventilation: a mathematical calculation of oxygenation index (0I); determination of triglycerides and cholesterol in the central venous blood of newborns in thefirst hours ofpostnatal life and on the 5th day of life Results: At birth the triglycerides level in the blood of newborns is reduced and didn't differ signicantly between the groups. Along with this,. the newborns of 1st group remained impaired oxygen status, severe hypoxia, progressive increase of 01 not resolved in the conventional ventilation, which is an indication to lead the children to HFO ventilation. CONCLUSION: Asphyxia at birth, resistant to therapy, characterized by worsening hypoxemia, impaired lung function oxygenation, the increase of lactate in the blood, deep base deficiency, disorders of the metabolism of triglycerides and cholesterol and high oxygenation index are testimony to the high-frequency oscillatory ventilation. Pathogenetically justified the use of this kind of respiratory theory, not only during RDSN.

Strain diversity and phage resistance in complex dairy starter cultures.

The compositional stability of the complex Gouda cheese starter culture Ur is thought to be influenced by diversity in phage resistance of highly related strains that co-exist together with bacteriophages. To analyze the role of bacteriophages in maintaining culture diversity at the level of genetic lineages, simple blends of Lactococcus lactis strains were made and subsequently propagated for 152 generations in the absence and presence of selected bacteriophages. We first screened 102 single-colony isolates (strains) from the complex cheese starter for resistance to bacteriophages isolated from this starter. The collection of isolates represents all lactococcal genetic lineages present in the culture. Large differences were found in bacteriophage resistance among strains belonging to the same genetic lineage and among strains from different lineages. The blends of strains were designed such that 3 genetic lineages were represented by strains with different levels of phage resistance. The relative abundance of the lineages in blends with phages was not stable throughout propagation, leading to continuous changes in composition up to 152 generations. The individual resistance of strains to phage predation was confirmed as one of the factors influencing starter culture diversity. Furthermore, loss of proteolytic activity of initially proteolytic strains was found. Reconstituted blends with only 4 strains with a variable degree of phage resistance showed complex behavior during prolonged propagation.

Synthesis and properties of bacteriorhodopsin analogs containing electron-density labels in the chromophore moiety.

A method for synthesis of retinal analogs labeled with electron-density groups is suggested. The interaction of these polyene compounds with bacterioopsin in apomembrane of Halobacterium salinarum was tested. A retinal analog containing a crown-ether receptor group is able to interact readily with bacterioopsin giving rise to rapid formation of a pigment with absorption maximum at 460 nm. This pigment is capable of undergoing cyclic photoconversion. The crown-bacteriorhodopsin photocycle is extremely slow and its quantum efficiency is very low (approximately 3% of that in native bacteriorhodopsin). This photocycle includes an M-like intermediate with a differential absorption maximum at 380 nm. A retinal analog in which the beta-ionone ring is replaced by ferrocene moiety forms a stable chromoprotein with the main absorption band at 483 nm and a shoulder near 590-610 nm.

Effects of limited aeration and of the ArcAB system on intermediary pyruvate catabolism in Escherichia coli.

The capacity of Escherichia coli to adapt its catabolism to prevailing redox conditions resides mainly in three catabolic branch points involving (i) pyruvate formate-lyase (PFL) and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHc), (ii) the exclusively fermentative enzymes and those of the Krebs cycle, and (iii) the alternative terminal cytochrome bd and cytochrome bo oxidases. A quantitative analysis of the relative catabolic fluxes through these pathways is presented for steady-state glucose-limited chemostat cultures with controlled oxygen availability ranging from full aerobiosis to complete anaerobiosis. Remarkably, PFL contributed significantly to the catabolic flux under microaerobic conditions and was found to be active simultaneously with PDHc and cytochrome bd oxidase-dependent respiration. The synthesis of PFL and cytochrome bd oxidase was found to be maximal in the lower microaerobic range but not in a delta ArcA mutant, and we conclude that the Arc system is more active with respect to regulation of these two positively regulated operons during microaerobiosis than during anaerobiosis.

The steady-state internal redox state (NADH/NAD) reflects the external redox state and is correlated with catabolic adaptation in Escherichia coli.

Escherichia coli MC4100 was grown in anaerobic glucose-limited chemostat cultures, either in the presence of an electron acceptor (fumarate, nitrate, or oxygen) or fully fermentatively. The steady-state NADH/NAD ratio depended on the nature of the electron acceptor. Anaerobically, the ratio was highest, and it decreased progressively with increasing midpoint potential of the electron acceptor. Similarly, decreasing the dissolved oxygen tension resulted in an increased NADH/NAD ratio. As pyruvate catabolism is a major switch point between fermentative and respiratory behavior, the fluxes through the different pyruvate-consuming enzymes were calculated. Although pyruvate formate lyase (PFL) is inactivated by oxygen, it was inferred that the in vivo activity of the enzyme occurred at low dissolved oxygen tensions (DOT