ABSTRACT
In this work, food-grade sunflower oil/W Pickering emulsions stabilized by xanthan gum-zein complex were developed. For this purpose, laser diffraction, rheological, multiple light scattering, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) measurements were carried out. A response surface methodology was used to determine the optimized zein and oil concentration of the emulsion by using D4,3 and Turbiscan Stability Index (TSI) as objective functions to minimize. Subsequently, the optimized formulation with minimum D4,3 was selected and the biological macromolecule, advanced performance xanthan gum (APXG), was added. CLSM results of emulsions without gum showed the location of zein in the oil-water interface protecting droplets against coalescence as Pickering stabilizer. They also demonstrated that zein did not present important aggregation at the working pH. The addition of APXG changed the flow behaviour from Newtonian to shear thinning which fitted to the Cross model. This fact provoked the occurrence of viscoelastic properties and an increase in stability. FESEM results suggested the formation of a zein-gum complex, which forms a layer covering the droplets, protecting them against oxidation and physical destabilization. Therefore, this research supports the role of zein-APXG complex as a stabilizer of future emulsions.
Subject(s)
Polysaccharides, Bacterial/chemistry , Sunflower Oil/chemistry , Zein/chemistry , EmulsionsABSTRACT
Las discrepancias entre autores respecto a la correcta diferenciación entre úlceras por presión (upp) y lesiones por humedad, así como las implicaciones que de ello se deriva, han favorecido la aparición de recientes líneas de trabajo entre grupos de expertos en el ámbito de los cuidados de la piel y las heridas. Tres van a ser los pilares básicos estructurales de este artículo: -la relevancia en términos de elección de estrategias preventivas y actitudes terapéuticas, la confirmada dificultad clínica en la diferenciación entre ambas entidades en la práctica asistencial diaria y el desconocimiento de muchos profesionales de enfermería sobre estas líneas de trabajo.Hemos elegido abordarlo bajo la perspectiva del caso clínico de una mujer de 96 años que presenta lesión por humedad entendiendo que se brinda una oportunidad para actualizar conocimientos bajo el deseo de contribuir a que las enfermeras ejecuten las medidas preventivas más adecuadas o proporcionen los cuidados enfermeros oportunos al deterioro de la integridad cutánea y/o tisular (AU)
There is a discrepancy between authors regarding the differentiation between pressure ulcer and lesions due to humidity, as well as their implications. This has raised new research lines concerned with the care of the skin and wounds. This review has three basic sections: the importance of selecting appropriate preventive and therapeutic strategies, the confirmed clinical difficulty in differentiation between the two entities in the daily medical practice, and the unawareness of many nurses about these new research lines. We present a clinical case of a 96-year-old woman with skin lesions due to humidity. The described management of this case gives the opportunity to update the knowledge about the most appropriate preventive measures and nursing care to avoid he deterioration of the skin integrity in case of moisture (AU)
