ABSTRACT
En este trabajo se realizó la evaluación toxicológica a dosis repetidas por el método de test límite del candidato ainmunopotenciador, la solución CM-95 tratada magnéticamente, acorde con las regulaciones de la Organización para la Colaboración Económica y el Desarrollo, incluida en la Guía 407. El objetivo fue establecer las posibles lesiones orgánicas y funcionales ocasionadas por la solución CM-95, tratada magnéticamente con la máxima inducción magnética permisible (0,16 T), para la obtención del candidato a inmunopotenciador. Se emplearon tres grupos: Experimental, Control y Satélite. Como Biomodelo experimental se utilizaron ratas Sprague Dawley machos y hembras con pesos de 150 a 200 g. Durante el estudio no se registraron signos clínicos de toxicidad ni muertes en ninguno de los animales de los grupos tratados, ni en los controles. No hubo afectación del peso corporal durante elensayo. Aunque hubo variaciones en los valores de algunos parámetros hematológicos y bioquímicos, estos no tuvieron significación biológica. No se encontraron lesiones macroscópicas, ni microscópicas; solo se observaron efectos proliferativos en el tejido linfoide de timo y bazo, relacionados con la respuesta del sistema inmune. Lasolución CM-95 tratada magnéticamente, no mostró toxicidad en el modelo animal y nivel de dosis utilizado, y bajo las condiciones experimentales ensayadas(AU)
In this study the toxicological evaluation at repeated dose by the method of limit test of the candidate to magnetically treated immunopotentiator CM-95 Solution was carried out; according with regulations of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development included in guide 407. The objective was to establish the possible organic and functional lesions caused bythe magnetically treated CM-95 Solution with maximum permissible magnetic induction (0,16 T), for obtaining the candidate to immunopotentiator. Three groups were used: Experimental, Control and Satellite. As experimental Biomodels, male and female Sprague Dawley rats were used, with 150 to 200 g weights. During the study neither clinical signs of toxicity nor deathsin any of the animals of the treated groups were registered. There was not affectation of the corporal weight during the test. There was not change of the corporal weight during the trial. Although there were variations of some haematology and biochemical parameters, they had no biological significance. Macroscopic or microscopic lesions were not found; justproliferation effects were observed, in the lymphoid tissues of the thymus and spleen, related to the response of immune system. Magnetically treated CM-95 Solution, showed no toxicity in the animal model and dose level used, and under the observed experimental conditions(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Adjuvants, Immunologic/toxicity , Repeated Dose/adverse effects , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo para caracterizar la participación familiar y la relación médico- familia en el control de la hipertensión arterial, en 153 familias de pacientes hipertensos pertenecientes al policlínico de Mata municipio de Cifuentes, Villa Clara, durante el año 2001; se instrumentó un modelo de encuestas para el posterior procesamiento de los datos mediante el software SPSS en su versión 6 para Windows, y se aplicaron las pruebas de Chi cuadrado y la V de Crámer, que permite comparar la fortaleza de la asociación. La deficiente interrelación médico- familia, la disfuncionalidad familiar y el apoyo deficiente al hipertenso por sus familiares estuvieron muy significativamente asociados al descontrol de la tensión arterial. Existen necesidades educativas importantes de la célula fundamental de la sociedad para ofrecer un apoyo eficaz a estos enfermos(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Family , HypertensionABSTRACT
Research into emotion and emotional disorders by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has largely been restricted to the prefrontal regions. There is, however, also evidence for the parietal cortex being implicated in emotional (dys-)functioning. Here we used rTMS to investigate a role of the right parietal cortex in depression. In a placebo-controlled design, 2 Hz rTMS at 90% of the individual motor threshold (MT) was applied over the right parietal cortex of eight healthy subjects for 20 min continuously. Effects on mood, autonomic activity and motivated attention were investigated. Significant reductions in depressive mood were observed immediately following and 30 min after stimulation. Moreover, these findings were objectified by a concurring pattern of autonomically mediated changes in the attentional processing of angry facial expressions. These data suggest a role for the right parietal cortex in affective brain circuits regulating phenomenological, physiological and attentional aspects of depressive functioning.
Subject(s)
Arousal/physiology , Attention/physiology , Depression/physiopathology , Dominance, Cerebral/physiology , Magnetics/therapeutic use , Parietal Lobe/physiopathology , Adult , Affect/physiology , Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology , Depression/psychology , Electroencephalography , Facial Expression , Female , Humans , Male , Motivation , Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology , Personality Inventory , Psychomotor Performance/physiology , Reaction Time/physiology , Reference Values , Signal Processing, Computer-AssistedABSTRACT
In the present study the anatomical projections from the medial cerebellum to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were investigated in healthy human subjects, using high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic (rTMS) stimulation and electroencephalography (EEG). Medial cerebellar rTMS, compared to placebo induced a significant shift in anterior asymmetry, from left to right dominance in the fast (30-50 Hz) EEG spectrum, whereas occipital and lateral cerebellum stimulation did not show such an effect. Moreover elevations in mood and alertness were reported again after medial cerebellar stimulation only. Taken together, these data confirm and further specify the assumed cerebellar modulation of PFC activity and affect.
Subject(s)
Cerebellum/physiology , Cerebellum/radiation effects , Electroencephalography/radiation effects , Electromagnetic Fields , Prefrontal Cortex/physiology , Prefrontal Cortex/radiation effects , Adult , Affect/radiation effects , Attention/radiation effects , Biliary Tract , Brain Mapping/methods , Electroencephalography/methods , Female , Humans , Male , Neural Pathways , Pilot Projects , Reference Values , Sensitivity and SpecificityABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Recent repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) research in healthy subjects suggests that the emotions anger and anxiety are lateralized in the prefrontal cortex. Low-frequency rTMS over the right prefrontal cortex (PFC) shifts the anterior asymmetry in brain activation to the left hemisphere and reduces anxiety. The same rTMS technique results in enhanced anger-related emotional processing, observed as elevations in attention for angry faces. The current study used low-frequency rTMS over the right PFC and indexed selective attention to fearful faces, hypothesizing a reduction in attention for fearful faces, i.e., a reversal of the latter effect. METHODS: In a placebo-controlled design, 1 Hz rTMS at 130% of the individual motor threshold (MT) was applied continuously over the right PFC of eight healthy subjects for 20 minutes. Effects on motivated attention were investigated by means of an emotional Stroop task, indexing selective attention to masked and unmasked fearful faces. RESULTS: Vigilant attention for masked and unmasked fearful faces was observed after placebo stimulation. As hypothesized, rTMS reduced the vigilant emotional response to the fearful face, but only in the unmasked task. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide further support for the lateralization of the emotions anger and anxiety in the prefrontal cortex. In addition, the absence of an effect for masked fearful faces suggests that changes in emotional processing after a single session of rTMS predominantly involve the cortical affective pathways.
Subject(s)
Arousal/physiology , Attention/physiology , Dominance, Cerebral/physiology , Facial Expression , Fear/physiology , Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology , Perceptual Masking/physiology , Prefrontal Cortex/physiology , Adult , Brain Mapping , Color Perception/physiology , Cross-Over Studies , Emotions/physiology , Female , Humans , Magnetics , Male , Reaction Time/physiology , Single-Blind MethodABSTRACT
The effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on hallucination severity and neurocognition were studied in 9 medication-resistant hallucinating patients. A statistically significant improvement was observed on a hallucination scale after 10 days of TMS at the left auditory cortex.
Subject(s)
Auditory Cortex/radiation effects , Cognition/radiation effects , Electromagnetic Fields , Hallucinations/therapy , Schizophrenia/therapy , Schizophrenic Psychology , Adult , Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use , Clozapine/therapeutic use , Female , Hallucinations/etiology , Humans , Male , Neuropsychological Tests , Psychiatric Status Rating ScalesABSTRACT
The prioritized processing of threat is suggested to be motivated by anxiety, regulated by the parasympatheticus, and biased to the right hemisphere. However, according to an anterior dimensional model of negative affect this is unlikely to be true when threat is of social origin. Social threat is communicated by the angry facial expression, and recent research indicates that prioritized processing of angry faces is motivated by anger. Anger is a sympathetically dominated emotion, and for its expression and experience, neuroimaging data have demonstrated anterior lateralization to the left hemisphere. To scrutinize the above diverging statements, suprathreshold low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) was applied over the right and the left prefrontal cortex (PFC) of ten healthy subjects during 15min continuously, and the subsequent effects on sympathetic and parasympathetic activity of the heart, and selective attention to angry facial expressions were investigated. Combined rTMS-neuroimaging studies have shown contralateral excitation after unilateral supratheshold low-frequency rTMS, hence the strengthening of contralaterally mediated emotion functions. The earlier reported increases in selective attention to angry facial expressions after right-PFC rTMS were found to be accompanied by and significantly associated with elevations in sympathetic activity. Our data suggest that a left-PFC lateralized, sympathetic mechanism directs attention towards the angry facial expression.
Subject(s)
Attention/physiology , Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena , Fear/physiology , Functional Laterality/physiology , Prefrontal Cortex/physiology , Social Behavior , Sympathetic Nervous System/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Electric Stimulation , Face , Fear/psychology , Female , Humans , Neuropsychological Tests , Parasympathetic Nervous System/physiology , Pattern Recognition, Visual , Transcranial Magnetic StimulationABSTRACT
As doenças cardiovasculares são importantes causas de alta morbidade e mortalidade e aumentam progressivamente com o número crescente de pessoas com pressão arterial elevada, gerando altos custos sociais e econômicos. A hipertensão arterial sistêmica tem alta prevalência entre a população, entretanto as taxas de seu controle são baixas. O controle adequado dos pacientes com hipertensão deve constituir-se uma das prioridades das ações básicas de saúde, pois o diagnóstico precoce, o bom controle e o tratamento adequado são fundamentais para a redução das complicações da doença. Este trabalho é um projeto de intervenção a ser aplicado pela Equipe de Saúde da Família Agnaldo Cavalcante Machado no município de São Miguel dos Campos - Alagoas. Tem como objetivo elaborar um plano de intervenção com vistas a orientar a população sobre as medidas e ações necessárias para diminuir a incidência da Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e de suas complicações. Os procedimentos metodológicos envolveram o diagnóstico situacional de saúde, uma revisão sucinta da literatura sobre o tema e o projeto de intervenção, seguindo os passos propostos pelo método do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional. O plano de ação proposto tem por finalidade a abordagem da hipertensão como doença crônica, aumento da adesão da população à mudança de estilo de vida e hábitos alimentares inadequados, assim como o uso correto das medicações. Estimulando a autonomia da pessoa em relação ao seu estado de saúde, espera-se contribuir para que a população da área de abrangência da equipe de saúde adquira melhores condições de saúde e de vida
