Caregiver's difficulty paying child's healthcare bills and bullying victimization of adolescents with physical disabilities.

Guided by the ecological systems perspective, the objective of the study was to examine whether caregivers' difficulty paying their child's health-care bills is associated with bullying victimization directly and indirectly through the mediating mechanisms of caregivers' frustration, adolescents' internalizing problems, and social difficulty focusing on adolescents with physical disabilities. The 2019 National Survey of Children's Health dataset, which collected data on adolescents' and caregivers' demographic characteristics and health and well-being, was used. The study sample consisted of 368 caregivers of adolescents, 12-17 years of age with physical disabilities. No direct association between caregivers' difficulty paying their child's health-care bills and bullying victimization was found. However, caregivers' frustration and adolescents' internalizing problems were shown to have an indirect association with bullying victimization, which was mediated by difficulty making friends. In addition, adolescents' difficulty making friends was positively associated with bullying victimization. Practitioners working with adolescents with physical disabilities are encouraged to foster collaborative processes across various ecological systems of the adolescent and family to address caregivers' frustration and promote positive social and emotional development of the adolescent with physical disabilities, which can decrease their risk of bullying victimization.

Cross-Cultural Measurement Invariance of a Measure of Disability for White, Black, Hispanic and Asian Older Adults.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to determine the cross-cultural measurement equivalence of the Washington Group General Measure of Disability for older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study used the 2012 California Health Interview Survey. The sample included 14,115 non-Hispanic White, Black, Hispanic and Asian adults aged 65 and older. Analysis was conducted using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), parallel and Tau-equivalent tests. RESULTS: The results indicated that the measure was valid for use with older adults (Satorra Bentler χ2 = 13.27, df = 3, p = 0.005, GFI = 0.996). Multi-group CFA indicated comparisons were valid between Whites with Blacks, and Hispanics with Asians. Cognitive disability was associated with independent living disability for Whites and Blacks, and with sensory disability for Hispanics and Asians. CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicated the measure is valid for cross-cultural comparison for certain racial/ethnic groups. Further research is needed to understand differences in associations of cognitive decline with other areas of disability for older adults.

What Types of Delinquent Activities are Bullies, Victims, and Bully/Victims in Urban Neighborhoods Most Likely Involved in?

PURPOSE: The current study explores which types of delinquent activities bullies, victims, and bully/victims are most at risk of from a sample of urban African American adolescents. DESIGN AND METHODS: The research design was cross-sectional, which includes a sample of low-income African American adolescents in Chicago's Southside. The study participants included 523 adolescents. Descriptive statistics, latent class analysis, and logistic regression analysis were conducted. RESULTS: Bullies, victims, and bully/victims are all at a heightened risk of theft, threatening behavior, and assaultive behavior. Irrespective of bullying status, delinquency is a serious problem for urban adolescents who are bullies, victims, or bully/victims. CONCLUSIONS: Investigating the types of delinquent activities bullies, victims, and bully/victims are most likely to be involved in is important. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Evidence-based treatment plans require assessment tools that are tailored for urban African American adolescents. Nurses are advised to consider interventions that promote resilience.

Inequities in Family Quality of Life for African-American Families Raising Children with Disabilities.

Over time, groundbreaking changes in societies' views and treatment of persons with disabilities, along with significant legislative and policy changes, have impacted the quality of life of African-American families raising children with disabilities. This article presents some of the challenges and inequities faced by African-American families that impact their quality of life using critical race theory (CRT). Also, it reviews results obtained by a study of 123 African-American families raising children with disabilities. The article offers implications for policy and practice and discusses the role for social workers in addressing disparities in healthcare and other areas.