Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Minocycline/analogs & derivatives , Animals , Anti-Bacterial Agents/history , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacokinetics , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , History, 21st Century , Humans , Minocycline/history , Minocycline/pharmacokinetics , Minocycline/pharmacology , Minocycline/therapeutic use , TigecyclineSubject(s)
Autonomic Nerve Block/adverse effects , Brain Abscess/etiology , Celiac Plexus , Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/etiology , Cladosporium , Endosonography/adverse effects , Brain Abscess/diagnosis , Brain Abscess/therapy , Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/diagnosis , Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/therapy , Humans , Male , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Turicella otitidis is a non-fermenting Gram-positive bacillus isolated almost exclusively from ear exudates. Its significance in acute or chronic otitis media is controversial. Over a 12-month period, T. otitidis was isolated from nine ear exudates from seven patients. Most of these were cases of spontaneous drainage following recurrence of otitis media after antimicrobial therapy that was ineffective against T. otitidis. The MICs of penicillin, levofloxacin, linezolid and vancomycin were very low for all the isolates studied, but most isolates displayed high resistance to macrolides and lincosamides.
Subject(s)
Actinobacteria/isolation & purification , Otitis Media/microbiology , Actinobacteria/classification , Actinobacteria/drug effects , Acute Disease , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Child , Child, Preschool , Chronic Disease , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Humans , Infant , Microbial Sensitivity TestsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The treatment of complicated urinary tract infections may require the use of a parenteral antibiotic with potent activity against the most common urinary pathogens. Ertapenem is a broad-spectrum 1beta-methyl carbapenem with a long plasma half-life that allows administration of a single daily dose. METHODS: The purpose of this work was to test the in vitro susceptibility to ertapenem, ampicillin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, co-amoxiclav, piperacillin/tazobactam, imipenem, gentamicin, amikacin, fosfomycin, ciprofloxacin and co-trimoxazole of 482 strains of urinary pathogens of the family Enterobacteriaceae isolated from patients in the community of Madrid (40% from males). The distribution was as follows: Escherichia coli (n = 315), Proteus mirabilis (n = 42), Klebsiella spp. (n = 14) and AmpC-producing Enterobacteriaceae (n = 111). The strains studied were selected based on their resistance to quinolones and aminoglycosides, and their production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) or AmpC-type beta-lactamases. RESULTS: All the strains were susceptible to ertapenem, imipenem and amikacin. The MIC(90) of ertapenem ranged from a minimum of 0.03 mg/L for Proteus vulgaris and a maximum of 1 mg/L for Enterobacter spp. Ertapenem was the most active of all drugs tested in all cases. On comparing antibiotic resistance among ESBL-producing strains of E. coli (n = 35) and E. coli strains not producing ESBLs (n = 280), statistically significant differences were obtained for ciprofloxacin (P = 0.002) and gentamicin (P = 0.011). Regarding ertapenem, only a slight increase in MIC(50) was seen, the value being 0.015 mg/L for strains not producing ESBLs versus 0.03 mg/L for ESBL-producing strains. CONCLUSIONS: In view of its significant antibiotic potency against antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, ertapenem may constitute a good therapeutic alternative in urinary infections caused by these pathogens.
