Outcomes of root canal treatment of first permanent molars among children in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: The first permanent molar (FPM) is considered the tooth most susceptible to caries, as it is the first permanent tooth to erupt in the oral cavity, making it susceptible to environmental conditions that may appear as caries, hypoplasia, or hypomineralization. Several treatment options are available for managing deep caries, including root canal treatment (RCT). However, there is a lack of data on the success and failure rates of RCT in FPM among children. This study aimed to determine the success and failure rates of RCT in FPM among children and related factors. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at three major centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Children aged 9-18 years who underwent an RCT between 2010 and 2019 were included. Clinical and radiographic examinations were also performed. Results: Based on the loose criteria, most of the evaluated teeth (79.6%) were successfully treated. The treatment failed in only 20.4% of participants. Older patients and teeth with acceptable restoration quality had an increased success rate compared to younger patients and teeth with unacceptable restoration quality. A shorter time lapse between treatment and assessment resulted in a lower success rate compared to a longer time lapse. Based on strict criteria, 72.9% of the patients were successfully treated. The use of a microscope and teeth with acceptable restoration quality resulted in an increased success rate compared to teeth treated without the microscope and with unacceptable restoration quality. Conclusions: The success rate of this procedure was high. Several factors, including older age, acceptable restoration quality, and the use of a microscope, increase the probability of success.

Shear bond strength of resin modified glass ionomer cement following photodynamic therapy, Er,Cr:YSGG and chlorhexidine in hypoplastic primary teeth.

PURPOSE: This study investigates the micro shear bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) bonded to hypoplastic teeth after the application of chlorhexidine (CHX), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Er;Cr:YSGG and methylene blue mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT). METHODS: A total sample of 60 erupted and extracted hypoplastic teeth collected from < 16 years children were subjected to different conditioning protocols including control group that involved bonding of hypoplastic teeth with RMGIC; CHX and NaOCl groups that included hypoplastic enamel being treated with 0.2% CHX and 2% NaOCl solution for 30 s followed by rinsing and drying for 5 s, MB-PDT group involved methylene blue photosensitizer and Er,Cr:YSGG group. All specimens were processed for microshear bond strength in a universal tester. The fractured surface was examined using a stereomicroscope at 40 × magnification and categorized under adhesive, cohesive and mixed. RESULTS: The highest microshear bond strength was noted for the control group (∼29 MPa). Whereas the specimens conditioned by NaOCl showed the lowest microshear bond strength (∼17 MPa). Among the treatment groups, APDT showed the highest bond strength values (∼22 MPa) as compared to chemical disinfection protocols. However, Er, Cr:YSGG showed slightly lower microshear bond strength as compared to APDT. No significant difference was noted between CHX and NaOCl groups (p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference when all the groups were compared together (p < 0.05). Microscopic analysis revealed that specimens bonded after APDT showed the highest adhesive failures (70%). The highest cohesive failures were seen in NaOCl group (40%). The mixed type of failures was seen in the control groups with none appearing for chemical disinfection protocols. CONCLUSIONS: This study concludes that APDT could be a potential therapeutic strategy for increasing the microshear bond strength of RMGIC to hypoplastic enamel.

Effect of pre-operative administration of ibuprofen in children undergoing extraction for reducing post-operative pain: a double-blind randomised controlled clinical trial.

Introduction Administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) before tooth extraction may reduce post-surgical pain, but there is a lack of research.Aims To compare pain and anxiety in paediatric tooth extraction patients receiving a pre-operative NSAID vs placebo.Design Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.Setting Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University's dental clinic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Materials and methods Eligible paediatric tooth extraction patients were randomised to group A, which received NSAID pre-operatively, or group B, which received the placebo.Interventions A research coordinator measured participants before extraction, and then 3 hours and 24 hours post-extraction.Main outcome methods The Wong-Baker FACES scale and the Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (faces).Results There were 56 participants (28 in each group). Pain and anxiety scores were not statistically significantly different between the two groups before or 24 hours post-extraction. However, group A had significantly lower pain (-1.3151, p = 0.0063) and anxiety scores (-0.6071, p = 0.0081) compared to group B three hours post-extraction.Discussion Pre-operative administration of NSAIDs in paediatric dental patients was associated with significantly lower post-extraction pain and anxiety.Conclusions Clinicians should consider making NSAID administration before paediatric tooth extraction part of their clinical protocol.