High-throughput RNA dataset of viral transcripts associated with chickens from various poultry farms in North and South Kuwait.

Screening of poultry using RNA sequencing could enable the timely detection and identification of emerging viral pathogens, facilitating proactive measures to prevent and control potential outbreaks in the poultry industry. The reported dataset is of reads from RNA-Seq libraries consisting of approximately 130 gigabytes of RNA-sequencing data corresponding to blood, trachea and cloaca of chicken from various farms of North and South Kuwait regions. The sequences were quality-filtered and first mapped with the Chicken reference genome. The unmapped reads were aligned to the viral reference genomes. The aligned data was used for the quantification of viral transcripts across the samples. The RNA sequencing data could be useful for further meta-analysis and to extract valuable insights into the molecular landscape of poultry health. The insights gained from this research can guide the development of targeted diagnostic tools and strategies for effective poultry health management.

Microbiological Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality in Chicken Fattening Houses.

This study was conducted at one of the largest poultry companies in Kuwait during November and December 2019 to evaluate the microbiological threats of Escherichia coli (APEC), Salmonella spp., and Aspergillus fumigatus to chickens in fattening houses by counting and identifying the microorganisms by culturing and pyrosequencing analysis. During the fattening cycle, the temperature and humidity ranged between 23.6°C and 29°C and 64.1% and 87.1%, respectively. The total bacterial population and Aspergillus fumigatus measured in the indoor and outdoor air exhibited a linear relationship during the fattening cycle. The total bacterial and Aspergillus concentrations determined during the cycle ranged between 150 and 2000 CFU/m3 and 0 and 1000 CFU/m3, respectively. E. coli and Salmonella spp. concentrations determined during the cycle ranged between 1 and 220 CFU/m3 and 4 and 110 CFU/m3, respectively. Pyrosequencing analysis of the air inside the houses at the end of the cycle revealed extensive biodiversity in the microorganisms, detecting 32 bacterial genera and 14 species. The identified species belonging to the genera Corynebacterium, Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Aspergillus were identified as potentially affecting human and broiler health. The emission of potentially pathogenic bacteria to the outdoor environment from chicken housing can pose a considerable risk to human health and environmental microbial pollution. This study could guide the development of integrated control devices for monitoring microbes in broiler production facilities during chicken collection for transport to slaughterhouses.

Considerations and Implications in Shade Selection for Dental Restorations: A Review.

Newer trends in shade matching have been driven by the market need for superior grade esthetic restorations. Modernized shade guides, obtainability of shade-taking devices, and research in the field of human color vision have ameliorated the capability of dentists to attain outstanding color-matched restorations. A detailed knowledge of natural teeth' appearance features is needed along with these new devices to increase shade-matching results.

Bayesian estimation of ELISA and gamma interferon test accuracy for the detection of bovine tuberculosis in caudal fold test-negative dairy cattle in Kuwait.

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in Kuwait; cattle identified as TB-positive using the caudal fold test (CFT) are culled. We used a Bayesian approach to estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the IFNγ assay and ELISA, which are not routinely used in Kuwait in CFT-negative dairy cattle. Blood samples from CFT-negative cattle ( n = 384) collected from 38 dairy farms were tested by IFNγ assay and ELISA. The Se and Sp (95% CI) of the IFNγ were 85.0% (67.6-95.3%) and 90.4% (86.7-95.3%), respectively, whereas estimates for the ELISA were 61.1% (33.1-84.6%) and 85.4% (81.7-88.8%). TB prevalence (95 CI%) in CFT-negative cattle was estimated as 2.6% (0.5-9.5%). The IFNγ assay may play a role as an ancillary test for the identification of Mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle that are undetected by CFT.