ABSTRACT
The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of phycoerythrin (PE) treatment extracted from Nostoc sp. on the shelf-life extension of the Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillet at 4°C and 8°C. After extraction and purification of pigment in BG-110 medium, the pigment PE was extracted and purified with 56% ammonium sulfate followed by dialysis. After that, the effect of pigment on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated. The fillet samples were immersed in pigment solution, and their physicochemical, microbiological and sensory properties were examined. The results showed that the concentration and purity of the pigments increased after the dialysis. The results from performed chemical tests and total number of living mesophilic bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus coagulase positive, and coliform bacteria of the samples compared to the blank sample showed that sample treated with algae extracts were able to control the increase in these parameters. In these tests, the highest levels belonged to Nile Tilapia fillet sample Nile Tilapia fillet coated with PE solution at a temperature 8°C and the lowest amount was observed with fillet coated with PE solution at a temperature of 4ËC (P≤0.05). The results of sensory evaluation showed that the highest score of taste, texture, color, and total acceptance were observed for Nile Tilapia fillet coated with PE solution at temperature 8°C. In conclusion, the extract pigments from Nostoc sp. has strong antimicrobial activity and can maintain the quality parameters for controlling of spoilage bacteria and extend the shelf-life of Oreochromis niloticus.
Subject(s)
Cichlids , Phycoerythrin , Animals , Phycoerythrin/pharmacology , Phycoerythrin/chemistry , Phycoerythrin/analysis , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Nostoc/chemistry , Refrigeration , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Food Storage , Food Preservation/methods , Seafood/analysis , Seafood/microbiology , Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Channa rara, new species, is described from the Jagbudi River in Maharashtra, India. It belongs to the Gachua group and differs from all its members by the possession of one or more ocelli in the posterior part of the dorsal fin in adults (vs. ocelli absent or 1, rarely 2-3 ocelli in juveniles only). It is further distinguished from most species of the C. gachua group by having 6-7 dark concentric bands on the pectoral fins. We review recent descriptions of species of the genus Channa and conclude that C. royi is a synonym of Channa harcourtbutleri, that the diagnosis of C. shingon from C. harcourtbutleri is seriously flawed and that C. torsaensis is not sufficiently diagnosed from C. quinquefasciata. The recently described C. amari is a junior synonym of C. brunnea.
Subject(s)
Fishes , Animals , India , RiversABSTRACT
A demographic study on Epinephelus bleekeri based on a sample of 1,003 individuals caught in commercial fisheries along the Arabian Sea coast of southern India considerably extends the maximum recorded standard length for this species to 870 mm, indicates a high natural mortality rate and an exploitation level (E) greater than the Emax .
Subject(s)
Bass , Fisheries/statistics & numerical data , Animals , India , Indian Ocean , Population Dynamics , SeafoodABSTRACT
The Nemacheilid loaches, Noemacheilus triangularis tambaraparniensis and Nemacheilus periyarensis have been widely considered to be synonyms of the zodiac loach, Mesonoemacheilus triangularis. An integrative taxonomic investigation based on topotypic material, involving molecular analysis of two mitochondrial genes (cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 and cytochrome b), multivariate morphometric analysis based on non-metric multidimensional scaling and non-parametric multivariate analysis of variance suggests that the three species are in fact distinct.
Subject(s)
Cypriniformes , Animals , Cytochromes b , IndiaABSTRACT
A new species of torrent catfish, Amblyceps accari, is described from the central region of the Western Ghats of India. The new species differs from all its congeners by having 12 branched anal-fin rays (vs. 7-10 in other Amblyceps, rarely 11 in A. tuberculatum). It differs further from all other species of the genus except A. murraystuarti and A. torrentis in having the adipose fin confluent with the dorsal procurrent part of the caudal fin and by the following combination of characters from all its congeners: jaws unequal with lower jaw weakly-projecting, pectoral spine smooth, adipose-fin origin opposite anal-fin origin, dorsal fin to adipose-fin distance more than one fourth of standard length, adipose fin long with its base more than one-fourth of standard length, and deeply forked caudal fin with minute, poorly developed, centrally projecting hooks on the proximal lepidotrichia of central caudal-fin rays. The discovery of the new species represents the first record of this genus from peninsular India.
Subject(s)
Catfishes/classification , Animal Distribution , Animal Structures/anatomy & histology , Animal Structures/growth & development , Animals , Body Size , Catfishes/anatomy & histology , Catfishes/growth & development , Ecosystem , Female , India , Male , Organ SizeABSTRACT
In Keskar et al. (2015) we emended the original name Cobitis rupelli Sykes, 1839, because Sykes (1839) specifically mentions that the species was named after Rüppell. The specific epithet 'rupelli', with a single 'p', is an incorrect original spelling and should be emended into 'ruppelli' as required by Article 32.5 (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, 1999). However, citing Art 32.5.2.1, we also suggested that because Sykes (1839) named the species after Rüppell, the umlaut 'ü' should be corrected to 'ue' and that the specific epithet should thus be 'rueppelli'. This is an error. Sykes (1839) did not use 'ü' in the original spelling of the species epithet rupelli: hence changing it to 'ue' is incorrect. Therefore, the correct spelling for the species should be 'Nemachilichthys ruppelli', a change that should be reflected in the title and in the rest of the text of Keskar et al. (2015).
ABSTRACT
The hill-stream loach genus Nemachilichthys, an endemic of the Western Ghats of India, comprises two nominal species, N. rueppelli and N. shimogensis. The validity of the latter has been questioned by several authors. Here we show that there is only a marginal raw mitochondrial genetic distance (0.5% in cytochrome oxidase subunit I and 1.2% in cytochrome b) between topotypic specimens of the two nominal species. Further, although population-level morphometric variations appear in a multivariate morphometric analysis, the two nominal species are morphologically similar, with apparently no significant characters separating them. We therefore consider N. shimogensis to be a junior synonym of N. rueppelli and redescribe the latter, providing further details on population variation and distribution.
Subject(s)
Cypriniformes/classification , Animal Distribution , Animal Structures/anatomy & histology , Animal Structures/growth & development , Animals , Body Size , Cypriniformes/anatomy & histology , Cypriniformes/growth & development , Ecosystem , Female , Male , Organ SizeABSTRACT
Dario huli, new species, is described from a small tributary stream of the Tunga River in southern Karnataka, India. It can be distinguished from all its congeners except D. urops by the presence of a conspicuous black caudal-fin blotch and by anterior dorsal-fin lappets in males not being produced beyond fin spines. It is readily distinguished from Dario urops by the absence of the horizontal suborbital stripe (vs. presence), the presence of a series of up to eight black bars on the body (vs. 2-3 black bars restricted to caudal peduncle), 25 scales in a lateral row (vs. 28), 3-5 tubed lateral-line scales (vs. tubed lateral-line scales completely absent), 13+13=26 vertebrae (vs. 14+14-15=28-29), and the presence of teeth on hypobranchial 3 (vs. absence of teeth).
Subject(s)
Fishes/classification , Animals , Fishes/anatomy & histology , India , MaleABSTRACT
Horabagrus melanosoma was described from West Venpala in the lower reaches of the Manimala River, in the state of Kerala, India. It was distinguished from its nearest congener, H. brachysoma based on a combination of characters including darker body colour, shorter pelvic fin and greater number of anal fin rays. Examination of the type material revealed significant morphometric and meristic discrepancies with the original description. Based on multivariate morphometric, and genetic analysis of topotypical specimens, we propose that H. melanosoma should be treated as a junior synonym of H. brachysoma.
Subject(s)
Catfishes/anatomy & histology , Catfishes/classification , Animals , Catfishes/genetics , Catfishes/physiology , DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics , Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic , Phylogeny , RiversABSTRACT
Lepidopygopsis, known as the peninsular-Indian hill trout, is a monotypic genus endemic to the Periyar stream-reservoir system, in the Western Ghats. Due to the morphological similarity of its only species, L. typus, with the Himalayan schizothoracine fishes, it was considered to be a relict species and a classic example of disjunct distribution. Using mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequence datasets, we show that L. typus is not allied to the schizothoracine fishes. Phylogenetic hypothesis-testing unequivocally supports a scenario in which L. typus and a clade comprising various genera of Asian and African barbins such as Tor Gonoproktopterus, Kosswigobarbus and Varicorhinus are sister groups. Based on our results, we suggest that the sheath of tile-like scales covering the anal-fin base of schizothoracine fishes and Lepidopygopsis typus could be a symplesiomorphy or a homoplasy.