Racial and ethnic disparities in women's mental health: a narrative synthesis of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the US-based samples.

Over 2 decades of research indicate the significance of racial or ethnic disparities in mental illness in the United States. However, minoritized racial or ethnic groups tend to report overall lower prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders than White adults, although this varies depending on gender and race or ethnicity. We conducted a rigorous and systematic narrative synthesis on the differences in the prevalence rates and symptoms that differ across racial or ethnic women in depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and premenstrual syndrome or premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Seven systematic reviews and meta-analyses that examined racial/ethnic differences in depression and eating disorders were included. No review that examined racial/ethnic differences in anxiety or premenstrual syndrome or premenstrual dysphoric disorder met inclusion criteria. Methodological quality of the reviews, which was determined by the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews criteria, revealed that the results of 5 reviews were rated as critically low confidence, one review was rated as low confidence, and one review was rated as high confidence. Findings were inconsistent across systematic reviews and meta-analyses because of the methodological differences in the original studies. Overall, racially or ethnically minoritized women generally report lower prevalence rates in depressive and eating disorders than the White women; however, they exhibit different or greater symptom presentation that could influence prevalence estimates depending on the diagnostic criteria followed. Methodological considerations are provided to strengthen the literature on racial or ethnic mental health disparities in women.

Shared trauma, resilience, and growth: A roadmap toward transcultural conceptualization.

Objective: Countless communities worldwide are exposed directly and subsequently to the effects of massive-scale collective stressors, from natural disasters to human-caused. In contexts of collective adversity, health care providers who are also members of these communities share and interdependently affect the range of responses their patients have. We aim to conceptualize this spectrum, termed shared trauma, shared resilience, and shared growth. Method: In this metasynthesis, we review the literature on these underacknowledged dynamics globally. We include prior conceptualizations of direct and indirect trauma, collective trauma, cultural context, and the COVID-19 pandemic toward clearer conceptualization of shared mental health in global collective stressor contexts. Results: Most trauma and resilience research focuses on prevailing concepts and measures with questionable cross-cultural applicability. These works usually center on acute, highly distressing threats to physical safety at the individual level. The scarce literature on shared trauma describes it as a rare phenomenon, entailing conflicting messages of narrative accounts within contexts of few cultures with medium to high degrees of individualism. There has been little consideration of other non-Western and indigenous communities with more collectivist values and collective trauma histories. There is limited understanding of these concepts as they pertain to the vast majority of cultures. As a result, shared trauma, resilience, and growth have been poorly conceptualized, differentiated, or empirically researched. Conclusions: We propose uniquely inclusive models of shared trauma, resilience, and growth. These models reflect the cumulative effects and interplay of direct to indirect, acute to chronic, individual to collective, and historic to transgenerational factors influenced by cultural context. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).