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1.
BMC Pediatr ; 24(1): 481, 2024 Jul 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39068418

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In Yemen, morbidity and malnutrition are major public health problems. The Community Health and Nutrition Volunteers (CHNVs) program was launched to tackle these problems through providing services to mothers and their children residing in remote villages. Since establishment of the CHNVs program in Yemen, its outcome has never been evaluated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the role of CHNVs in improving the immunization, morbidity and nutritional status of infant and young children (IYC). METHODS: A comparative cross-sectional study design was conducted in Al-Maghrabah and Bani-Qais districts, Hajjah governorate. It was carried out between January and April 2023. A three-stage cluster sampling method was used. A total of 926 IYC with their mothers were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire. SPSS 26 was used for data analysis. The multinomial logistic regression and chi-square or fisher exact tests were used to compare the vaccination, morbidity and nutritional status of IYC between the volunteer and non-volunteer villages. Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were calculated. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The IYC in volunteer villages were more likely to be fully or partially vaccinated compared to those in non-volunteer villages [OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.5-3.7, p < 0.0001, and OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3-2.8, p = 0.001, respectively]. The specific coverage rates for BCG, and the 1st and 2nd doses of OPV/Pentavalent/Pneumo/Rota vaccines were significantly higher in the volunteer compared to non-volunteer villages [(OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3-2.5, p < 0.0001), (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2-2.1, p = 0.003), and (OR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.2-2.0, p = 0.002), respectively]. Moreover, the prevalence of diarrhea and fever among IYC was significantly lower in the volunteer compared to non-volunteer villages [(OR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.5-0.9, p = 0.004) and (OR = 0.7 95% CI: 0.5-0.9, p = 0.045), respectively]. CONCLUSIONS: The study found that CHNVs play a significant role in improving vaccination status and the coverage rate for BCG, and 1st and 2nd doses of OPV/Pentavalent/Pneumo/Rota vaccines, and reducing the prevalence of diarrhea and fever among IYC in their villages compared to non-volunteer villages, in Hajjah governorate. Future follow-up study and expansion to other settings in different governorates is recommended.


Subject(s)
Nutritional Status , Volunteers , Humans , Infant , Cross-Sectional Studies , Yemen/epidemiology , Female , Male , Child, Preschool , Community Health Workers , Adult , Rural Population , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data
2.
BMC Nurs ; 23(1): 497, 2024 Jul 20.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39033107

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are a significant concern in intensive care units (ICUs) as they lead to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Fortunately, these infections are largely preventable through strict adherence to CLABSI prevention guidelines. Nurses play a critical role in preventing CLABSIs. AIM: This study aimed to investigate factors affecting critical care nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and perceived barriers related to implementing CLABSI prevention guidelines, and to predict factors influencing compliance with these guidelines. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 30, 2023, with a convenience sample of 470 critical care nurses from ICUs across eight hospitals in Sana'a, Yemen. Data were collected using an observational checklist and self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Independent Student's t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, multiple linear regression, and multilayer perceptron neural networks were performed. RESULTS: Critical care nurses exhibited low knowledge of CLABSI prevention guidelines, with compliance reaching an acceptable level. Despite the higher perceived barriers, the nurses demonstrated a positive attitude. Nurses with greater knowledge and positive attitudes displayed higher compliance levels. However, perceived barriers were negatively associated with knowledge and compliance. Notably, multilayer neural network analysis identified knowledge and perceived barriers as the strongest predictors of nurses' compliance. CONCLUSION: The current findings emphasize the need for multifaceted strategies to implement the CLABSI prevention guidelines. These strategies should address knowledge gaps, support positive attitudes, and address practical barriers faced by nurses to ensure successful implementation of CLABSI prevention.

3.
Life Sci ; 352: 122910, 2024 Sep 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39002610

ABSTRACT

Nectin-4 (Nectin cell adhesion molecule 4), a type I transmembrane cell adhesion protein, was demonstrated to be overexpressed in a variety of tumors, making it an attractive antigen for targeted therapies such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Of great note, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approval of the first Nectin-4-directed ADC, enfortumab vedotin (EV), in urothelial cancer (UC) not only introduced Nectin-4 as a clinically validated and reliable target antigen but also confirmed the evolving role of Nectin-4-directed ADCs as novel and promising cancer therapeutics. In addition to EV, there have been or are currently being seven and eleven Nectin-4-directed ADCs, respectively, in various stages of clinical trials and preclinical development, offering a promising future for the treatment of Nectin-4-positive cancer patients. This study reviewed clinical- and preclinical-stage Nectin-4-directed ADCs.


Subject(s)
Cell Adhesion Molecules , Immunoconjugates , Humans , Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology , Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism , Cell Adhesion Molecules/antagonists & inhibitors , Immunoconjugates/therapeutic use , Immunoconjugates/pharmacology , Animals , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoplasms/immunology , Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use , Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology , Nectins
4.
Int Urol Nephrol ; 2024 Jun 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38851652

ABSTRACT

CONTEXT: Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a cost-effective radiation-free diagnostic method that can be used for renal tumor postoperative visualization after ablative treatment. OBJECTIVE: To assess CEUS diagnostic accuracy comparing with CT and MRI as a follow-up method in short-term and long-term postoperative periods after renal tumor ablation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed in Scopus and Medline databases using the query "(kidney OR rena* OR RCC) AND (ablation OR RFA OR MWA OR cryo*) AND CEUS". The endpoint of the study was the evaluation of the overall accuracy of CEUS. RESULTS: Twelve trials were included in the review. With CT or MRI as a reference, for a short-term group (< 6 weeks after ablation) pooled sensitivity was 90.2%, I2 = 0%; pooled specificity was 99.3%, I2 = 0%; pooled NPV was 98.6%, I2 = 0%; pooled PPV was 94.6%, I2 = 0%; the AUC on the SROC curve was 0.971. For the long-term group (> 6 weeks after ablation), pooled sensitivity was 95.3%, I2 = 0%; pooled specificity was 97.6%, I2 = 0%; PPV was 74.2%, I2 = 4%; NPV was 99.4%, I2 = 5%; AUC = 0.93. CONCLUSION: CEUS has high sensitivity and specificity in ruling out the presence of local recurrence after renal tumor ablation with a higher risk of false-positive results within follow-up > 6 weeks compared with that for CT or MRI. Further studies with a unified protocol and morphological control of local renal tumor recurrence after ablation are needed.

5.
Curr Res Toxicol ; 6: 100166, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38706786

ABSTRACT

Cadmium (Cd) is a malleable element with odorless, tasteless characteristics that occurs naturally in the earth's crust, underground water, and soil. The most common reasons for the anthropological release of Cd to the environment include industrial metal mining, smelting, battery manufacturing, fertilizer production, and cigarette smoking. Cadmium-containing products may enter the environment as soluble salts, vapor, or particle forms that accumulate in food, soil, water, and air. Several epidemiological studies have highlighted the association between Cd exposure and adverse health outcomes, especially renal toxicity, and the impact of Cd exposure on the development and progression of carcinogenesis. Also highlighted is the evidence for early-life and even maternal exposure to Cd leading to devastating health outcomes, especially the risk of cancer development in adulthood. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain how Cd mediates carcinogenic transformation, including epigenetic alteration, DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modification, dysregulated non-coding RNA, DNA damage in the form of DNA mutation, strand breaks, and chromosomal abnormalities with double-strand break representing the most common DNA form of damage. Cd induces an indirect genotoxic effect by reducing p53's DNA binding activity, eventually impairing DNA repair, inducing downregulation in the expression of DNA repair genes, which might result in carcinogenic transformation, enhancing lipid peroxidation or evasion of antioxidant interference such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione. Moreover, Cd mediates apoptosis evasion, autophagy activation, and survival mechanisms. In this review, we decipher the role of Cd mediating carcinogenic transformation in different models and highlight the interaction between various mechanisms. We also discuss diagnostic markers, therapeutic interventions, and future perspectives.

6.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38597995

ABSTRACT

The cell-surface receptor tyrosine kinase c-mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) is overexpressed in a wide range of solid tumors, making it an appropriate target antigen for the development of anticancer therapeutics. Various antitumor c-Met-targeting therapies (including monoclonal antibodies [mAbs] and tyrosine kinases) have been developed for the treatment of c-Met-overexpressing tumors, most of which have so far failed to enter the clinic because of their efficacy and complications. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), a new emerging class of cancer therapeutic agents that harness the target specificity of mAbs to deliver highly potent small molecules to the tumor with the minimal damage to normal cells, could be an attractive therapeutic approach to circumvent these limitations in patients with c-Met-overexpressing tumors. Of great note, there are currently nine c-Met-targeting ADCs being examined in different phases of clinical studies as well as eight preclinical studies for treating various solid tumors. The purpose of this study is to present a broad overview of clinical- and preclinical-stage c-Met-targeting ADCs.

7.
Chemosphere ; 356: 141899, 2024 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38579952

ABSTRACT

Although the neonicotinoid insecticides have good selectivity towards insects rather than vertebrates, they have severe effects on honeybee production and pollination activities. Therefore, the effects of imidacloprid (IMI), the most used neonicotinoid, on the two main bioreceptors, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha subunit (nAChRα1) of honeybees were examined to identify their roles in honeybee toxicity and possible binding sites which assist in selecting and designing neonicotinoids. In vivo, IMI showed a high inhibitory effect on AChE (IC50 5.63 mg/L); however, the effect was much lower in vitro experiment (IC50 719 mg/L). This result induced us to examine the IMI effect on AChE gene expression which revealed that the AChE-2 gene expression was severely affected by IMI explaining the observed high enzyme inhibition. In addition, although toxicity increased by increasing exposure to IMI (LC50 2.9 mg/L after 4h and 0.75 mg/L after 48h), AChE was not elevated (IC50 5.63 and 5.52 mg/L respectively). Besides, Despite resuming most enzyme activity (77% during 2 h and 84.14% after 4 h), a high mortality level was observed with LC50 2.9 mg/L. These results reinforced that the observed high toxicity is a multifactor process. Accordingly, Molecular modeling and docking of IMI into honeybee AChE and nAChRα1were also performed to examine their possible interactions and identify the important binding sites. Results models indicated that the first two binding sites in AChE were found in the esteratic subunit in the active site explaining the observed in vitro inhibition. In nAChRα1, four of the highest five free energy binding sites are located in the large TM3-TM4 loop and one in the extracellular loops. Consequently, the present work revealed that IMI toxicity is attributed to various factors including direct interaction with both AChE and nAChRα1 as well as downregulating AChE-2 gene expression.


Subject(s)
Acetylcholinesterase , Insecticides , Neonicotinoids , Nitro Compounds , Receptors, Nicotinic , Animals , Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism , Bees/drug effects , Neonicotinoids/toxicity , Receptors, Nicotinic/metabolism , Nitro Compounds/toxicity , Insecticides/toxicity , Molecular Docking Simulation , Models, Molecular , Binding Sites , Insect Proteins/metabolism , Insect Proteins/genetics
8.
Article in Russian | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38640220

ABSTRACT

The article considers the teaching of the discipline "Public Health and Health Care" to residents of all specialties. For analyzing attitude of residents to studying the discipline "Public Health and Health Care", as well as improvement of training physicians at the stage of residency and their full mastery of necessary competencies, survey was carried out on sampling of 424 residents of the second (graduate) year of training. The number of questions were formulated to be included into questionnaire to obtain data about respondents (age, gender, region of study, citizenship, experience of working at medical position) and to identify their attitude to the study of the discipline "Public Health and Health Care" " in residency (sections of program as practically applicable, assessment of form of teaching the discipline and use of educational technologies, including remote and digital learning, choice of universal and general professional competencies). The majority of residents (65.1%) plan to be engaged not only in direct clinical activities in the future, but also to undergo additional training in health care management and work in positions related to organizational managerial activities from position of head of department to of head of medical organizations and administration of regional health care services.


Subject(s)
Internship and Residency , Public Health , Surveys and Questionnaires , Clinical Competence , Delivery of Health Care
9.
J Surg Case Rep ; 2024(3): rjae141, 2024 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38476455

ABSTRACT

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm with distinctive histopathological features. Although it typically arises in the deep soft tissues of the trunk and extremities, its occurrence in the head and neck region is exceedingly rare. We present the first documented case of low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma in the laryngopharynx, expanding the spectrum of this rare tumor's anatomical localization. The clinical, radiological, and histopathological features of this unique case are discussed, highlighting the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic considerations associated with this uncommon presentation.

10.
Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol ; 23(1): 1-28, 2024 Feb 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38485904

ABSTRACT

Schizophrenia is one of the most severely debilitating mental disorders that affects 1.1% of the world's population. The exact cause of the disease is not known, but genetics, environmental factors (such as infectious agents, season and region of birth, exposure to viruses, low birth weight, advanced paternal age, and tobacco), and immune system dysfunction can all contribute to the development of schizophrenia. Recently, the role of the immune system in schizophrenia has received much attention. Both acquired and innate immune systems are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and facilitate the disease's progression. Almost all cells of the immune system including microglia, B cells, and T cells play an important role in the blood-brain barrier damage, inflammation, and in the progression of this disease. In schizophrenia, the integrity of the blood-brain barrier is reduced and then the immune cells are recruited into the endothelium following an increase in the expression of cell adhesion molecules. The entry of immune cells and cytokines leads to inflammation and antibody production in the brain. Accordingly, the results of this study strengthen the hypothesis that the innate and acquired immune systems are involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.


Subject(s)
Schizophrenia , Humans , Schizophrenia/etiology , Brain/pathology , Cytokines , T-Lymphocytes , Inflammation
11.
ACS Omega ; 9(5): 5319-5329, 2024 Feb 06.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38343986

ABSTRACT

The instability of anthocyanins limits their application in food supplementation and in the food industry. Stabilities of strawberry anthocyanins (AN) were improved by complexation with both ß-CD and starch against heat, H2O2, light, and UV irradiation. The stability of AN against H2O2 (2.21 mM) dropped (<20%) in 6 h but was enhanced in ß-CD (49.32%) and starch (96.84%) complexes. Under light conditions, AN in the solid and solution (3.88 g/100 mL) forms degraded to 36.49 and 11.11%, while ß-CD and starch complexes displayed stabilities of 98.20 and 91.76%, respectively, after 60 days. Under UV irradiation, AN showed similar instability where both AN forms expressed stabilities of 36.75 and 66.18%, respectively, after 168 h, while ß-CD and starch complexes exhibited 51.13 and 40.10%, respectively. LC-MS-ESI showed that photoirradiation of both destroyed the full conjugation of the flavylium ring of the major components, pelargonidin and cyanidin hexoses; the mechanism was proposed. Docking binding models of major AN components in ß-CD were obtained.

12.
J Multidiscip Healthc ; 17: 793-803, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38410522

ABSTRACT

Background: A continuous and high frequency of alarms from monitoring and treatment devices can lead to nurses' sensory exhaustion and alarm fatigue in critical care settings. Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the level of alarm fatigue and determine the relationship between nurses' sociodemographic and work-related factors and the level of alarm fatigue in critical care settings in Hail City, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Between May and July 2023, 298 nurses who worked in the emergency, intensive care, and critical care units of all the public hospitals in Hail City participated in a cross-sectional survey. Sociodemographic and work-related sheet and the Nurses' Alarm Fatigue Questionnaire were used to collect data. Results: The total mean score of alarm fatigue was 26.38±8.30 out of 44. The highest score was observed for the item "I pay more attention to the alarms in certain", while the lowest score were observed for the items "I turn off the alarms at the beginning of every shift" with mean scores of 2.51 and 1.61, respectively. Nurses who were males, older than 30 years and Saudi citizens had significantly higher mean scores of alarm fatigue than their counterparts. In addition, significantly higher mean scores of alarm fatigue were noticed for nurses experienced for 10 years or more and who had regular morning shifts. Multiple linear regression showed that male (p=0.014), age (p=0.012), and Saudi nationality (p <0.029) were the independent factors affecting the level of fatigue alarm among nurses. Conclusion: Nurses working in critical care settings at hospitals in Hail city are exposed to average levels of alarm fatigue, which can be influenced by sex, age, nationality, and experience of nurses. Therefore, it is imperative to manage alarm fatigue in critical care units by considering work-related and personality-related factors to ensure patient safety.

13.
Iran J Basic Med Sci ; 27(2): 180-187, 2024.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38234667

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Harmaline and green-synthesized silver nanoparticles were encapsulated by folate-linked chitosan molecules as a receptor-mediated drug delivery system to evaluate its pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic potentials on human ovarian (A2780) and epithelioid (PANC) cancer cells. Materials and Methods: The Ag nanoparticles (AgNP) were synthesized utilizing an herbal bio-platform (Bistorta officinalis) and embedded with harmalin. The Harmaline-ag containing folate-linked chitosan nanoparticles (HA-fCNP) were synthesized utilizing the ionic gelation method. Both the AgNP and HA-fCNP nanoparticles were characterized by DLS, FESEM, and Zeta potential analysis. Moreover, the chemical properties of HA-fCNP and the crystallinity of AgNPs were determined by applying FTIR and XRD methods, respectively. The HA-fCNP cytotoxicity was analyzed on A2780, PANC, and HFF cell lines. Moreover, pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic potentials of HA-fCNP were studied by analyzing the BAX-BCL2 and MMP2-MMP9 gene expression profiles, respectively. The A2780 cellular death was determined by AO/PI and flow cytometry methods. Results: The HA-fCNP significantly exhibited a selective cytotoxic impact on A2780 and PANC cancerous cell lines compared with normal human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells. The increased SubG1-arrested A2780 cells and up-regulated BAX gene expression following the increased treatment concentrations of hA-fCNP indicated its selective pro-apoptotic activity on A2780 cells. Also, the notable down-regulated expressions of MMP2 and MMP9 metastatic genes following the increasing doses of HA-fCNP treatment on A2780 cells confirmed its anti-metastatic activity. Conclusion: The cancer-selective cytotoxicity, apoptotic, and anti-metastatic properties of HA-fCNP are considered the appropriate properties of an anticancer compound.

14.
Oncogene ; 43(8): 608-614, 2024 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38200229

ABSTRACT

In this study we conducted the first investigation to assess the efficacy of a novel therapeutic antibody developed to target annexin-A1 (ANXA1). ANXA1 is an immunomodulatory protein which has been shown to be overexpressed in, and promote the development and progression of, several cancer types. In particular, high ANXA1 expression levels correlate with poorer overall survival in pancreatic and triple-negative breast cancers, two cancers with considerable unmet clinical need. MDX-124 is a humanised IgG1 monoclonal antibody which specifically binds to ANXA1 disrupting its interaction with formyl peptide receptors 1 and 2 (FPR1/2). Here we show that MDX-124 significantly reduced proliferation (p < 0.013) in a dose-dependent manner across a panel of human cancer cell lines expressing ANXA1. The anti-proliferative effect of MDX-124 is instigated by arresting cell cycle progression with cancer cells accumulating in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, MDX-124 significantly inhibited tumour growth in both the 4T1-luc triple-negative breast and Pan02 pancreatic cancer syngeneic mouse models (p < 0.0001). These findings suggest ANXA1-targeted therapy is a viable and innovative approach to treat tumours which overexpress ANXA1.


Subject(s)
Annexin A1 , Neoplasms , Animals , Humans , Mice , Annexin A1/antagonists & inhibitors , Annexin A1/metabolism , Cell Line
15.
Cell Tissue Bank ; 25(1): 305-323, 2024 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37840108

ABSTRACT

Amniotic membrane (AM), the innermost layer of the placenta, is an exceptionally effective biomaterial with divers applications in clinical medicine. It possesses various biological functions, including scar reduction, anti-inflammatory properties, support for epithelialization, as well as anti-microbial, anti-fibrotic and angio-modulatory effects. Furthermore, its abundant availability, cost-effectiveness, and ethical acceptability make it a compelling biomaterial in the field of medicine. Given the potential unavailability of fresh tissue when needed, the preservation of AM is crucial to ensure a readily accessible and continuous supply for clinical use. However, preserving the properties of AM presents a significant challenge. Therefore, the establishment of standardized protocols for the collection and preservation of AM is vital to ensure optimal tissue quality and enhance patient safety. Various preservation methods, such as cryopreservation, lyophilization, and air-drying, have been employed over the years. However, identifying a preservation method that effectively safeguards AM properties remains an ongoing endeavor. This article aims to review and discuss different sterilization and preservation procedures for AM, as well as their impacts on its histological, physical, and biochemical characteristics.


Subject(s)
Amnion , Cryopreservation , Pregnancy , Female , Humans , Amnion/chemistry , Cryopreservation/methods , Freeze Drying/methods , Placenta , Biocompatible Materials/pharmacology
16.
Antimicrob Resist Infect Control ; 12(1): 144, 2023 12 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38072926

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Catheter-associated urinary tract infection is a global problem but it can be prevented with the appropriate implementation of evidence-based guidelines. This study was conducted to assess the level of compliance of healthcare workers with the catheter-associated urinary tract infection prevention guidelines during the insertion of a urinary catheter. METHODS: An observational study using a descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted at Sana'a City hospitals, Yemen. All the nurses and physicians from the governmental, teaching, and private hospitals were eligible to participate in the study. The data collection was performed through convenience sampling from March 2020 to December 2020, using a structured observational checklist prepared specifically for this study. RESULTS: The majority of the urinary catheter insertions were performed by nurses. There were no written policy or procedures for an urinary catheter insertion and no in-service education or training departments in the majority of the hospitals. The overall mean score of compliance was 7.31 of 10. About 71% of the healthcare workers had a high or acceptable level of compliance and 29% had an unsafe level of compliance. Compliance was low for maintaining aseptic technique throughout the insertion procedure, using a single use packet of lubricant jelly, performing hand hygiene immediately before insertion, and securing the urinary catheter once inserted. Factors affecting the healthcare workers compliance were gender, the working ward/unit of the healthcare workers, the availability of a written policy/procedure and a department or unit for in-service education. CONCLUSION: Yemeni healthcare workers' overall compliance was acceptable but it was unsafe in several critical measures. There is an urgent need for developing, implementing, and monitoring national guidelines and institutional policy and procedures for catheter-associated urinary tract infection prevention. Periodical in-service education and training programs and adequate access to the necessary materials and supplies are paramount.


Subject(s)
Cross Infection , Urinary Tract Infections , Humans , Cross Infection/prevention & control , Yemen , Cross-Sectional Studies , Health Personnel , Urinary Tract Infections/prevention & control , Urinary Catheters/adverse effects
17.
Anesthesiol Res Pract ; 2023: 8102111, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38116042

ABSTRACT

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a serious postdelivery condition with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality for women who undergo childbirth with or without a caesarean section. Melatonin has been suggested to increase the contractility of myometrium and reduce the pain score postoperatively, therefore it is believed that the use of melatonin before surgery may decrease blood loss, reduce pain score, and decrease the need for postoperative opioids. Objectives: The main objectives of this study are focused on the investigation of melatonin as a premedication agent to reduce blood loss and decrease pain score postoperatively in patients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Methods: 80 patients were scheduled for spinal anesthesia-based cesarean sections and randomly assigned to two groups, melatonin group (M) 40 patients and placebo group (P) 40 patients to receive either 10 mg of sublingual melatonin or a placebo of 90 minutes preoperatively. Hemoglobin levels were been measured preoperative and 12 hrs. Postoperatively, blood loss volume was calculated by measuring both the weight of used materials before and after the surgery and the volume sucked in the suction bottle after placental delivery. Postoperative visual pain score and analgesic requirements were used to evaluate pain levels. Results: Analyzed collected data showed a significant decrease in blood loss in the melatonin group in comparison with the placebo group as measured by the hemoglobin level. On the other hand, there is a significant decrease in pain score and analgesia requirement with the melatonin group compared to the placebo group. Conclusion: Melatonin is a promising premedication drug that has a significant impact on postpartum hemorrhage by reducing blood loss and pain levels of mothers who have undergone C-sections.

18.
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) ; 69(13): 70-77, 2023 Dec 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38158686

ABSTRACT

The association of vitamin D with oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with peripheral neuropathy (pDPN) has not been investigated in the literature yet. In this regard, we aimed to investigate the link between vitamin D status and malondialdehyde secretion in T2DM with pDPN. We included the T2DM patients with and without pDPN from a main tertiary medical diabetic center in Duhok City in this case-control investigation from September 2021 to March 2022. The patients aged between 40 and 70 years old. The patients were diagnosed based on the American Diabetes Association criteria. The T2DM patients with pDPN had a significantly lower level of vitamin D (12.10 ng/ml vs. 16.86 ng/ml; P=0.0013.) compared to the patients without compilations, respectively. The T2DM patients with pDPN had a significantly higher prevalence of severe deficiency (45.83% vs. 16.67%), while the patients without compilations had a significantly higher prevalence of deficient vitamin D (50.0% vs. 37.50%; P=0.0053). Moreover, the T2DM patients with pDPN had a significantly higher concentration of MDA compared to the T2DM patients without complications (30.55 nmol/ml vs. 16.6 nmol/ml; P=0.0098). The study did not find a significant correlation between MDA and vitamin D levels in T2DM patients with pDPN. This study showed that a higher concentration of MDA was not associated with lower vitamin D levels in T2DM patients with pDPN.


Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Diabetic Neuropathies , Vitamin D Deficiency , Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Vitamin D , Diabetic Neuropathies/epidemiology , Diabetic Neuropathies/etiology , Pain/etiology , Vitamins , Vitamin D Deficiency/complications
19.
Cureus ; 15(11): e49253, 2023 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38143624

ABSTRACT

Although psoriasis is a multi-organ disease, it is usually managed as a skin disease, ignoring its associated serious comorbidities. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between psoriasis, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Two authors independently searched three databases (PubMed, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), The Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar). The search was set for articles published in the English language during the period from January 2013 to August 2023. The keywords "psoriasis", "hypercholesterolemia", "dyslipidemia", "low-density lipoproteins", "high body mass index", and "obesity", were used. Out of the 145 full texts reviewed, only seven studies fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria (773,761 participants and 196,593 events). Psoriasis was associated with dyslipidemia and obesity (odds ratio (OR)=1.63, 95% CI: 1.42-1.88 and OR=1.70, 95% CI: 1.43-2.02), respectively, with significant heterogeneity (98% and 97%, respectively). Dyslipidemia and obesity were significant psoriasis comorbidities; a broader approach, viewing psoriasis as a multi-organ disease, is recommended for optimal treatment and outcomes.

20.
J Educ Health Promot ; 12: 341, 2023.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38144025

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The compliance is considered one of the most important parameters which is defined as the change in volume with given change in pressure (dv/dp). It is varying inversely with both diastolic filling and modulus of chamber stiffness. AIMS: This study aimed to deduce the net atrioventricular compliance which is affected the trans mitral blood flow. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study focuses on study group of 25 patients (15 males and ten females) with mild to moderate hypertension and mean age (49 ± 5.9) who were investigated for atrioventricular compliance and compared with 18 normal individuals (ten males and eight females) with a mean age of (44.9 ± 14.9) years old. The measurement of mitral valve area and the deceleration flow rate during ventricular early filling were taken from peak E wave to the minimum of the descending E wave. The atrioventricular (net) compliance was calculated according to the theoretical calculation Formula. RESULTS: When the atrioventricular compliance is measured during the early filling, a decrease in the net compliance of 50.27% in normal individuals was observed. The isovolumetric relaxation time was lower by 32.9% in normal individuals than in patients with mild to moderate hypertension. CONCLUSION: The increase in the atrioventricular net compliance for hypertensive patients is thought to be attributed to the compensatory mechanism of cardiac muscle before fibrosis can take place leading to a consequent increase in compliance measured during the early diastolic filling stage of the cardiac cycle.

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