Effect of Curcumin gel on inflammatory and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in experimental induced periodontitis in rats: a biochemical and immunological study.

This study aimed to determine the effect of local application of curcumin gels as adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) on the inflammatory biomarkers matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and the anti-inflammatory biomarker interleukin-10 (IL-10) in rats with experimentally induced periodontitis. Fifty-five adult Wistar rats with experimentally induced periodontitis were randomly divided into four groups: 15 rats received SRP + curcumin gel (CU), 15 rats received SRP + Tetracycline gel (Tet), 15 rats were treated with SRP alone, and 5 rats had experimental periodontitis without treatment (EP). Five systemically healthy rats without experimental periodontitis were used as the controls. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture from all groups after 2, 4, and 6 weeks of therapy. Biomarker levels determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and, ANOVA were used to compare the study groups. The results showed a significant increase in pro-inflammatory biomarkers and a significant decrease in anti-inflammatory biomarkers in the EP group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The local application of curcumin or tetracycline gels resulted in a significant reduction in all inflammatory biomarkers at all periods of examination compared to the EP group. IL-10 levels gradually increased after 2 weeks, peaked at 4 weeks, and then decreased after 6 weeks, however, Tet showed statistically significant improvement compared to CU (p < 0.05). Adjunctive application of CU gel was as effective as Tet gel in the treatment of EP in rats by reducing inflammatory biomarkers and enhancing anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Antioxidant Effects of Curcumin Gel in Experimental Induced Diabetes and Periodontitis in Rats.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of curcumin gel on antioxidant marker level in experimental induced diabetes and periodontitis (EDP) in rats. Adult Wistar rats were randomized into five groups (20 each): (1) EDP treated with scaling and root planing (SRP) + curcumin gel (CU), (2) EDP treated with CU, (3) EDP treated with SRP, (4) EDP without treatment, and (5) systemically healthy and without ligature (control). Each group was subdivided equally into 4 subgroups of 5 rats. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ), and periodontitis was induced by a ligature. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture at 0, 7, 14, and 21 days to assess oxidative stress of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant enzymes of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and suproxidase dismutase (SOD) levels. The results showed a significant increase in serum MDA and antioxidant enzyme levels in the untreated EDP group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The adjuvant use of CU to SRP resulted in a significant reduction of MDA and CAT levels as compared to the SRP group (p < 0.05); however, significant reduction of GPX and SOD levels can be found only at day 7. It can be concluded that the decreased level of antioxidant enzymes can be construed as a result of decreased oxidative stress by curcumin therapy.

Effects of Curcumin and Tetracycline Gel on Experimental Induced Periodontitis as an Anti-Inflammatory, Osteogenesis Promoter and Enhanced Bone Density through Altered Iron Levels: Histopathological Study.

Adjunctive use of antimicrobials with scaling and root planing (SRP) is necessary to better eradicate dental biofilm. Tetracycline (T) is the most commonly used antimicrobial; however, it has limitations. This study evaluates the effect of curcumin (CU) as adjunct to SRP on inflammatory markers, collagen fiber deposition, and altered iron level. A total of 32 Wistar rats were divided into five groups: no experimental periodontitis (healthy control), experimental periodontitis (EPD), EPD treated with SRP alone (SRP), EPD treated with SRP+T (SRP+T), and EPD treated with SRP+CU (SRP+CU). After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, tissue samples were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin, and special stains (Perls' stain and Masson's Trichrome) for counting of inflammatory cells, angiogenesis, collagen fibers, and iron deposition. Significant reductions in inflammatory cells infiltration and alveolar bone resorption with angiogenesis and collagen fibers deposition were detected after 2 and 4 weeks in both SRP+T and SRP+CU groups. SRP+CU resulted in a significant reduction in osteoclast numbers (week 2) and iron deposition (week 4) in bone trabeculae as compared to SRP and SRP+T groups. The adjunctive use of CU showed comparable results to T in the reduction in inflammation and bone resorption. Furthermore, CU has potential osteogenesis and healing effects.