CSAMDT: Conditional Self Attention Memory-Driven Transformers for Radiology Report Generation from Chest X-Ray.

A radiology report plays a crucial role in guiding patient treatment, but writing these reports is a time-consuming task that demands a radiologist's expertise. In response to this challenge, researchers in the subfields of artificial intelligence for healthcare have explored techniques for automatically interpreting radiographic images and generating free-text reports, while much of the research on medical report creation has focused on image captioning methods without adequately addressing particular report aspects. This study introduces a Conditional Self Attention Memory-Driven Transformer model for generating radiological reports. The model operates in two phases: initially, a multi-label classification model, utilizing ResNet152 v2 as an encoder, is employed for feature extraction and multiple disease diagnosis. In the second phase, the Conditional Self Attention Memory-Driven Transformer serves as a decoder, utilizing self-attention memory-driven transformers to generate text reports. Comprehensive experimentation was conducted to compare existing and proposed techniques based on Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) scores ranging from 1 to 4. The model outperforms the other state-of-the-art techniques by increasing the BLEU 1 (0.475), BLEU 2 (0.358), BLEU 3 (0.229), and BLEU 4 (0.165) respectively. This study's findings can alleviate radiologists' workloads and enhance clinical workflows by introducing an autonomous radiological report generation system.

Non-compliance of Spectacle Wear in School-Going Children With Refractive Errors.

Background Uncorrected refractive errors are the most common cause of avoidable visual impairment in children worldwide. The school screening of refractive errors is one of the most important initiatives outlined in WHO Vision 2020 targets for control of avoidable visual impairment in children. However, the benefit depends on the compliance of the spectacle worn by children. Objective To determine non-compliance of spectacle wear and its predisposing factors among school-going children in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 200 school-going children (5-16 years), with spectacle prescription for at least the last six months studying in primary and secondary schools of Lahore, by using convenience sampling. We collected data with the help of a standardized, self-administered, close-ended questionnaire determining age, gender, class, and non-compliance and its reasons. Data were subjected to statistical evaluation using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS, version 26; IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY), and a chi-square test was applied to determine the statistical significance. p-value 0.05 was considered significant. Results Of the 200 children, 42 were boys, and 158 were girls, with a mean age of 12 years with a standard deviation of 2.6. The proportion of spectacle wear non-compliance was 19.5% (n=39). Children with non-compliance were more likely in the age group of 14-16 years (n=20{51.3%}; p=0.039). The main reasons for non-compliance were dislike to wear spectacles (28.2%), broken spectacles (23.1%), spectacles causing headache (20.5%), spectacles lost and parents' disapproval (20.5%), and peer pressure/teasing (15.4%). Significant difficulties faced while wearing spectacles were pressure on the nose due to worn-out nose pads (36.4%), pressure on ears causing pain in the temple and headache (34.1%), repeated cleaning of spectacles (29.5%), heavy spectacles (18.2%), excessive glare and pain in the eyes (12.5%), and improper fitting of spectacles (11.4%). Conclusions We found that non-compliance was more significant in school-going children aged 14-16 years and girls. The main reasons were unlikeness to wear, broken spectacles, headache, and spectacles lost. School children were not compliant because of many issues that should be addressed, and this information will be used for better eye care in school-going children with refractive errors.

In vitro and In vivo Determination of Biological Activities of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) Peel, Flesh and Seeds.

Momordica charantia L. has been remained a well-known medicinal vegetable used traditionally. However, which part is most effective against which disorder, has been remained undiscovered yet. The objective of this study was to examine the antimicrobial, antihyperlipidemic and antihyperglycemic activities of peel, flesh, and seeds of bitter gourd, through in vitro and in vivo assays. Ethanolic extracts from powders of three fractions of bitter gourd were assessed for antimicrobial potential against bacterial and fungal strains, whereas, powders of these fractions were used to determine antihyperlipidemic and antihyperglycemic activity, in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Our results showed that BSE exhibited better antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, whereas BFE exhibited better against Escherichia coli. Blood glucose was significantly lowered by all three powders in a dose dependent manner, when fed to diabetic rats, with the highest decrease by BSP, which reduced the glucose level from 296.20 ± 2.00 mg/dl to 123.10 ± 0.80 mg/dl, at 15 mg dose, after 28 days trial. Elevated levels of TC (101.18 ± 0.65 mg/dl), TG (83.69 ± 0.61 mg/dl) and LDL-C (25.90 ± 0.09 mg/dl) in positive control rats were lowered down in well manners by BSP at 15 mg dose, to 86.30 ± 0.53, 67.70 ± 0.53 and 19.32 ± 0.06 mg/dl, respectively. As compared to BFP and BPP, BSP showed significant involvement in antibacterial, antihyperglycemic, and antihyperlipidemic actions. Along with the edible flesh, peels and seeds, which are usually discarded as waste, could also be utilized for development of pharma foods capable of promoting health.

Nutritional value and therapeutic potential of Moringa oleifera: a short overview of current research.

A member of the Moringaceae family, Moringa Oleifera Lam is a perennial deciduous tropical tree known as the 'Miracle Tree' for its medicinal and nutritional benefits. Food and nutrition are crucial aspects of the development and maintenance of healthy health. Moringa oleifera is a multi-purpose herbal bush that is used as both human food and a medical alternative all over the world. Various parts of the tree are used to treat chronic diseases such as hypertension, heart disease, inflammation, oxidative stress, diabetes, and cancer. Moringa is an excellent source of essential nutrients and has been found to have a significant impact on improving nutritional deficiencies in populations with limited access to food. Moringa oleifera contains essential amino acids, carotenoids, minerals, fats, carbohydrates, proteins, phytochemicals, vitamins, and fibre. Moringa offers nutritional and economic advantages, medicinal and therapeutic uses, and future biological potential for human well-being.