Assessment of iodine supplementation program on thyroid function in Sudan.

The aim of this Study is to investigate whether the Iodine Supplementation Programme is successful or not. This Programme was implemented in Nyala to treat the Iodine deficiency. In this Study Nyala was selected to act as (a study area), due to the history of Iodine deficiency of this region, while Khartoum was selected to act as (a control area). 2000 samples were collected from Khartoum versus 450 samples from Nyala. Thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) levels in two regions were measured and performed by using radioimmunoassay (RIA), also the immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) used for measurement of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The obtained results analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). (Coherent retrospective) used to determine differences between the study groups. The results of this study showed, there was no significant difference between the mean serum concentrations of T3 and TSH for Khartoum and Nyala. T4of Khartoum (117.93 ±â€¯42.797) nmol/L and the mean serum T4 of Nyala (114.54 ±â€¯45.526) nmol/L, the (P-value = 0.133).T3for Khartoum (1.8040 ±â€¯0.99047) nmol/L and T3of Nyala (1.7307 ±â€¯0.96508) nmol/L, the (P-value = 0.153). TSH for Khartoum (1.4480 ±â€¯0.95807)mIU/Land the mean serum TSH of Nyala (1.4553 ±â€¯1.0244) mIU/L, the (P-value = 0.885). The study showed a clear observation of improvement of hypothyroidism cases in Nyala while the ratio decreased from 64.09% to 0.6%. All the results were carried out according to normal range of Sudanese. The conclusion from this study the iodine supplementation programme is successful. The study recommends rising the health awareness among people by explain the severity of iodine deficiency, and continue in iodine supplementation programme, also establishment of monitoring system including monitoring the presence of iodized diets (sugar, salt, oils, and bread) in the markets. Finally, further studies are needed in other parts of Sudan to assess the size of iodine deficiency problem.

Reference intervals of thyroid hormones in Khartoum, Sudan.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to establish the reference intervals (RIs) of thyroid function test among the adult Sudanese population in Khartoum, Sudan. A multi-stage survey stratified sampling method was used. Total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4) level and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured using radioimmunoassay gamma counter (Riostad, Germany) to determine the reference intervals. RESULT: A total of 390 adults aged 20-75 years (male: 40.5%, female: 59.5%) were recruited. The median (95% intervals) serum TSH, TT4 and TT3 levels were 1.2 (0.50-3.1) mIU/L, 103.0 (63.0-159.0) nmol/L and 1.4 (0.8-2.7) nmol/L respectively. Compared with males; females had significantly lower TSH level and significantly higher TT4 level, but there was no significant difference when the TT3 level was assessed. While there was no significant difference in the level of TSH and T3 in the age group, T4 levels have shown a progressive increase with age. In summary the RIs for TSH, TT4 and TT3 in this setting were different from the levels provided by the manufacturers. A significant different was observed in TSH and FT4 when considering gender issue. The RIs were not different in the different age groups except for FT4.

Reference intervals of thyroid hormones in a previously iodine-deficient area in Darfur, Sudan.

BACKGROUND: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxin (T4) and T3 levels are varied in the different settings with disorders of thyroid homeostasis. It is recommended that every setting has to establish its own reference intervals (RIs) for these hormones. METHODS: A multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to select a representative sample of a Sudanese adult (>20 years of age) in Nyala in western Sudan in the Darfur region during the period between January and June 2016 to establish RIs of thyroid-related hormones (TSH, T4 and T3).In this study, 1753 serum samples (male and female) with different age groups were investigated. A radioimmunoassay gamma counter was used to measure the level of these hormones. RESULTS: The median (95% intervals) of serum TSH, T4 and T3 levels was 1.2 (0.50-3.0) mIU/l, 111.0 (72.0-161.0) nmol/l and 1.5 (0.8-2.8) nmol/l respectively.While the level of TSH was significantly higher in the age group between 31 and 40 years, both T4 and T3 levels have shown a progressive increase with age. There was no significant difference in the TSH, T4 and T3 level when the RIs were compared between males and females. CONCLUSION: The RIs for TSH, T4 and T3 in this setting were different from the levels provided by the manufacturers. The RIs were different in the different age groups.