ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: As part of the bioinformatics studies, we utilized National Cancer Institute (NCI)'s Breast Cancer Risk Assessment Tool to estimate the five-year period and lifetime risk of breast cancer development among Iraqi risky women. METHODS: Totally, 110 risky women aged 21-67 (mean=36±7.4) years were interviewed by a series of questions regarding the risk of breast cancer development. Moreover, 100 cases with mutation in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes were included. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that the patient's estimated risk of breast cancer development during the next five years and lifetime (until the age 90 years) included 0.96% (p=0.211) and 9.97% (p=0.002), respectively being relatively low. Accordingly, the lifetime risk for the breast cancer development was significantly higher (10.38%) than that of 5-year. However, the age of patients was not significantly associated to the breast cancer development as there was no significant difference among various age groups. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that long-term or lifetime period plays as a significant risk factor for developing breast cancer among female patients who had had a screening episode in Iraq.
Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/etiology , Risk Assessment , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/genetics , Female , Genes, BRCA1 , Genes, BRCA2 , Humans , Iraq , Middle Aged , Mutation , National Cancer Institute (U.S.) , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Time Factors , United States , Young AdultABSTRACT
A novel, simple, and accurate colorimetric assay was established for assessments of catalase activity in biological fluids and tissues. H2O2 dissociation rates are directly proportional to catalase activity, and the principle of the present assay is based on reactions of ammonium metavanadate with H2O2 under acidic conditions. The resulting reduction of vanadium (V) to vanadium (III) produces a red-orange peroxovanadium complex with absorbance maxima at 452 nm. Biological samples containing catalase were incubated with 50-mM phosphate buffer solution containing 10-mM H2O2 as a substrate for two min. Subsequently, ammonium metavanadate in sulfuric acid was used as an indicator reagent and was added to reaction mixtures to determine remaining H2O2 concentrations. The precision of the present novel assay was indicated by coefficients of variation of 4.09% within runs and 2.56% between runs. Moreover, in experiments with homogenized red blood cell solutions, peroxovanate and dichromate assays of catalase activities were highly correlated (r = 0.993). In further experiments, we demonstrated application of the peroxovanadate method to assessments of catalase activity in bacterial and liver homogenates. The present method is accurate, simple, rapid, and inexpensive and can be used for routine clinical measurements and scientific investigations.
