Gait speed according to cognitive status in older adults: a cross-sectional study in a resource-limited country.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the association between gait speed and cognitive status in outpatient older adults from a resource-limited setting in Peru. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study including older adults aged ≥60 years attending a geriatrics outpatient clinic between July 2017 and February 2020. Gait speed was measured over a 10-meters distance without considering the first and last meter traveled. Cognitive status was assessed through the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We used a multivariate binomial logistic regression to conduct both an epidemiological and fully adjusted models. RESULTS: We included 519 older adults (mean age: 75 years; IQR = 10), of whom 95 (18.3%) and 151 (31.5%) were cognitively impaired according to the SPMSQ and MMSE, respectively. Gait speed was slower among patients with poorer cognitive status as assessed by both tools (p < 0.001). Malnutrition (PR: 1.74; CI: 1.45-2.08) and functional dependency (PR: 4.35; CI: 2.68-7.08) were associated with a greater prevalence of cognitive impairment according to the SPMSQ, whereas a faster gait speed (PR: 0.27, CI: 0.14-0.52) and longer years of education (PR: 0.83, CI: 0.77-0.88) were associated with a less prevalence. CONCLUSIONS: Slower gait speed was associated with poorer cognitive status in outpatient older adults. Gait speed may be a complementary tool in the cognitive assessment of older adults from resource-limited settings.

Investigaciones sobre envejecimiento realizadas por estudiantes universitarios en el Perú / Research about aging carried out by university students in Peru

Introducción: La promoción de la investigación a nivel universitario ofrece múltiples beneficios para los estudiantes y es considerada reflejo de la calidad educativa de las universidades. Objetivo: Describir las características de la investigación sobre envejecimiento realizada por estudiantes universitarios en el Perú. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de las tesis de pre y post grado sobre envejecimiento realizadas en el Perú entre los años 1980 al 2013. Se realizó la búsqueda por palabras claves en las bases de datos de universidades del país y en bases de datos electrónicas nacionales y Latinoamericanas con la selección basada en el cumplimiento del proceso metodológico de investigación. Resultados: Se identificaron 500 tesis; la mayoría de pregrado (74,4 por ciento) y relativas al área geriátrica (78 por ciento). El tema social fue el más estudiado (12,8 por ciento) en el área gerontologico y el quirúrgico (8,1 por ciento) en el geriátrico. La mayor proporción de las tesis fueron descriptivas (92 por ciento), de corte transversal (69,6 por ciento) y relativas al área geriátrica (78 por ciento), tanto en pre como en postgrado. Durante el periodo estudiado la proporción de tesis realizadas muestra un aumento progresivo con un incremento significativo en el número de estudios analíticos y de corte prospectivo. Conclusión: La investigación desarrollada por estudiantes universitarios sobre envejecimiento en el Perú es principalmente de tipo transversal, relativa al área geriatrica y muestra un incremento significativo en el periodo estudiado(AU)

Introduction: The promotion of research at the university level offers multiple benefits to students and is indicative of educational quality of universities. Objective: To describe the characteristics of research about aging carried out by university students in Peru. Methods: Descriptive study of the diploma papers and postgraduate theses about aging presented in Peru between 1980 and 2013. The search was carried out by keywords in the databases in the of country's universities and in electronic databases both national and from Latin American, the selection being based on compliance with the research methodological process. Results: We identified 500 works, most of which were diploma papers (74.4 percent) and on the topic of the geriatric field (78 percent). The social issue was the most studied (12.8 percent) in the gerontological field. The surgical topic was the most studied (8.1 percent) in the geriatric field. The majority of the works were descriptive (92 percent), cross-sectional (69.6 percent) and associated with the geriatric field (78 percent), both in the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. During the period under study, the proportion of papers and theses research carried out shows a progressive increase, with a significant increase in the number of analytical and prospective studies. Conclusion: Research developed by university students about aging in Peru is mainly cross-sectional and associated with to the geriatric field. In the period studied, it shows a significant increase(AU)

Effect of multimorbidity on gait speed in well-functioning older people: A population-based study in Peru.

AIM: To determine the association between multimorbidity and gait speed in a population-based sample of older people without functional dependency. METHODS: Data were obtained from a previously made cross-sectional population-based study of individuals aged >60 years carried out in San Martin de Porres, the second most populous district in Lima, Peru. We included well-functioning, independent older people. Exclusion criteria emphasized removing conditions that would impair gait. The exposure of interest was non-communicable chronic disease multimorbidity, and the outcome was gait speed determined by the time required for the participant to walk a distance of 8 m out of a total distance of 10 m. Generalized linear models were used to estimate adjusted gait speed by multimorbidity status. RESULTS: Data from 265 older adults with a median age of 68 years (IQR 63-75 years) and 54% women were analyzed. The median gait speed was 1.06 m/s (SD 0.27) and the mean number of chronic conditions per adult was 1.1 (SD ±1). The difference in mean gait speed between older adults without a chronic condition and those with ≥3 chronic conditions was 0.24 m/s. In crude models, coefficients decreased by a significant exponential factor for every increase in the number of chronic conditions. Further adjustment attenuated these estimates. CONCLUSIONS: Slower speed gaits are observed across the spectrum of multimorbidity in older adults without functional dependency. The role of gait speed as a simple indicator to evaluate and monitor general health status in older populations is expanded to include older adults without dependency. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 293-300.

Factores asociados a velocidad de marcha lenta en adultos mayores de un distrito en Lima, Perú / Factors associated with slow walking speed in older adults of a district in Lima, Peru

RESUMEN Objetivos. Determinar los factores asociados a velocidad de marcha lenta en adultos mayores de la comunidad residentes en un distrito de Lima, Perú. Materiales y métodos. Estudio de análisis de base de datos secundario. Se incluyó a los adultos mayores de 60 años y se excluyó aquellos con condiciones que no garantizaban la evaluación de la marcha. La variable dependiente fue la velocidad de marcha lenta, menor a 1 m/s, y las variables independientes fueron sociodemográficas, clínicas y de valoración geriátrica integral. Se calcularon las razones de prevalencia (RP) crudas y ajustadas con intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%). Resultados. Se incluyeron 416 adultos mayores, el rango de edad fue de 60 a 99 años y un 41% presentaba velocidad de marcha lenta. Se encontró que los factores asociados a una velocidad de marcha lenta en adultos mayores de la comunidad son el sexo femenino (RP 1,45, IC95%: 1,13-1,88), la edad mayor de 70 años (RP 1,73, IC95%: 1,30-2,30), un menor grado de instrucción (RP. 2.07, IC95%: 1,20-3,55), la presencia de problema socio familiar (RP 1,66, IC95%: 1,08-2,54), la presencia de diabetes mellitus (RP 1,35, IC95%: 1,01-1,80) y de depresión (RP: 1.41, IC95%: 1,02-1,95). Conclusiones. Los factores modificables asociados a una velocidad de marcha lenta en el adulto mayor en la comunidad son tanto clínicos como sociofamiliares, susceptibles de intervención desde etapas precoces en el curso de la vida.

ABSTRACT Objectives. To determine the factors associated with slow walking speed in older adults living in a district of Lima, Peru. Materials and methods. Analysis of secondary data. Adults older than 60 years were included in the study, while adults with physical conditions who did not allow the evaluation of the walking speed were excluded. The dependent variable was slow walking speed (less than 1 m/s), and the independent variables were sociodemographic, clinical, and geriatric data. Raw and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results. The study sample included 416 older adults aged 60 to 99 years, and 41% of the participants met the slow walking speed criterion. The factors associated with slow walking speed in this sample were female gender (PR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.13-1.88), age > 70 years (PR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.30- 2.30), lower level of education (PR, 2.07, 95% CI, 1.20-3.55), social-familial problems (PR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.08-2.54), diabetes mellitus (PR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.01-1.80), and depression (PR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.02-1.95). Conclusions. The modifiable factors associated with slow walking speed in older adults included clinical and social-familial problems, and these factors are susceptible to interventions from the early stages of life.

[Factors associated with slow walking speed in older adults of a district in Lima, Peru]. / Factores asociados a velocidad de marcha lenta en adultos mayores de un distrito en Lima, Perú.

OBJECTIVES.: To determine the factors associated with slow walking speed in older adults living in a district of Lima, Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS.: Analysis of secondary data. Adults older than 60 years were included in the study, while adults with physical conditions who did not allow the evaluation of the walking speed were excluded. The dependent variable was slow walking speed (less than 1 m/s), and the independent variables were sociodemographic, clinical, and geriatric data. Raw and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS.: The study sample included 416 older adults aged 60 to 99 years, and 41% of the participants met the slow walking speed criterion. The factors associated with slow walking speed in this sample were female gender (PR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.13-1.88), age > 70 years (PR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.30- 2.30), lower level of education (PR, 2.07, 95% CI, 1.20-3.55), social-familial problems (PR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.08-2.54), diabetes mellitus (PR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.01-1.80), and depression (PR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.02-1.95). CONCLUSIONS.: The modifiable factors associated with slow walking speed in older adults included clinical and social-familial problems, and these factors are susceptible to interventions from the early stages of life.

OBJETIVOS.: Determinar los factores asociados a velocidad de marcha lenta en adultos mayores de la comunidad residentes en un distrito de Lima, Perú. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS.: Estudio de análisis de base de datos secundario. Se incluyó a los adultos mayores de 60 años y se excluyó aquellos con condiciones que no garantizaban la evaluación de la marcha. La variable dependiente fue la velocidad de marcha lenta, menor a 1 m/s, y las variables independientes fueron sociodemográficas, clínicas y de valoración geriátrica integral. Se calcularon las razones de prevalencia (RP) crudas y ajustadas con intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC95%). RESULTADOS.: Se incluyeron 416 adultos mayores, el rango de edad fue de 60 a 99 años y un 41% presentaba velocidad de marcha lenta. Se encontró que los factores asociados a una velocidad de marcha lenta en adultos mayores de la comunidad son el sexo femenino (RP 1,45, IC95%: 1,13-1,88), la edad mayor de 70 años (RP 1,73, IC95%: 1,30-2,30), un menor grado de instrucción (RP. 2.07, IC95%: 1,20-3,55), la presencia de problema socio familiar (RP 1,66, IC95%: 1,08-2,54), la presencia de diabetes mellitus (RP 1,35, IC95%: 1,01-1,80) y de depresión (RP: 1.41, IC95%: 1,02-1,95). CONCLUSIONES.: Los factores modificables asociados a una velocidad de marcha lenta en el adulto mayor en la comunidad son tanto clínicos como sociofamiliares, susceptibles de intervención desde etapas precoces en el curso de la vida.

Frecuencia de síndrome metabólico en adultos mayores del Distrito de San Martin de Porres de Lima, Perú según los criterios de ATP III y de la IDF / Frequency of syndrome in older adults in the District of San Martin de Porres in Lima, Peru according to the criteria of ATP III and IDF

Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia del Síndrome metabólico en los adultos mayores de la comunidad del distrito de San Martín de Porres de Lima, Perú. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de análisis secundario de base de datos del estudio "Perfil Clínico del Adulto Mayor que habita en la comunidad de San Martín de Porres", el cual se realizó por muestreo probabilístico entre los meses de febrero y mayo de 2013. Resultados: Se incluyeron a 312 adultos mayores. La frecuencia del síndrome metabólico según los criterios ATP III fue 28,2% y según los criterios de la IDF 35,3%, siendo más frecuente en mujeres que en varones. La frecuencia de obesidad según el índice de masa corporal fue 19,2%, y la frecuencia de obesidad abdominal según los criterios del ATP III fue 65,4%, siendo mayor en mujeres, mientras que según los criterios de la IDF fueron 32,1% y 59,3% en hombres y mujeres, respectivamente. Conclusiones: La frecuencia del síndrome metabólico en la población adulta mayor es alta, obteniendose cifras mayores usuando los criterios de la IDF en comparación con ATP III, presentándose con mayor frecuencia en mujeres...

Objectives: To determine the frequency of metabolic syndrome in the elderly living in San Martin de Porres district of Lima. Methods: Descriptive study that used data from the Clinical Profile of the Elderly livig in San MArtin de Porres, a probabilistic sample between February and May 2013 was undertaken. Results: 312 elder patients were included. The frequency of metabolic syndrome following ATP III and IDF was 28.2% and 35.3%, respectively, being more frequent in females than in males. The frequency of obesity based on body mass index and the frequency of abdominal obesity based on ATP III criteria were 19.2% and 65.4%, being more frequent in females, while the values following IDF criteria were 32.1% and 59.3% respectively and were more frequent in males. Conclusions: The frequency of metabolic syndrome in the elderly in this setting is high, particularly among females, with higher values following IDF criteria compared to ATP II criteria...