How do Iranian older adults define place attachment? a qualitative study.

Background: Place attachment is the emotional bond between individuals and environment, which seems to increase wellbeing in old age. The purpose of this study was to explore the concept of place attachment from older adults' perspective. Methods: In this qualitative study, a total of 14 older adults were purposively included in Aran and Bidgool city, Isfahan, Iran. The data were collected using a semi-structured interview and analyzed applying a directed content analysis approach. Results: As participants reported, place attachment meant intensive love, pride, dependency, and familiarity with the environment. Socio-economic attachment was identified as the most prevalent dimension of place attachment, followed by affective, physical, autobiographical, and religious-cultural attachment. Conclusion: Our findings provided a new understanding of place attachment in the context of Iran. The concept of place attachment was identified with a multidimensional nature from Iranian older adults' perspective. Such a multidimensionality of place attachment should be considered while planning for age-friendly cities or the operationalization of the subject of aging in place, particularly in the developing societies, like Iran.

The Relationship Between Spiritual Development and Life Satisfaction Among Students of Qom University of Medical Sciences.

Having a spiritual perspective on life can have an effect on the optimism and individuals level of life satisfaction, and it is a protective factor against self-harm in life. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual development and life satisfaction in students of Qom University of Medical Sciences, Iran. This cross-sectional study is part of study that was performed in Qom University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from February 2015 to July 2016 which accommodates 250 medical and paramedical students that were selected through systematic random sampling. Data collection tools were demographic, spiritual attitude and ability questionnaire and Diener's satisfaction with life scale. Data were analyzed using frequency, percent, Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis in SPSS 20 software. The Pearson correlation coefficient between spiritual attitude and life satisfaction (R = 0.37) at the level of p < 0.001 and between spiritual ability and addiction (R = 0.34) at the level of p < 0.001 was direct and meaningful. The relationships between spiritual development and life satisfaction should be considered in university programs for the development of spirituality in the life of students in order to increase the life satisfaction.

The Relationship of Spirituality Development and Addiction Potential Among Students of Qom University of Medical Sciences.

Drug abuse is one of the problems of the world which due to the specific characteristics of individual, social and personality causes irreparable difficult. The aim of this study was the investigation of the relationship between the spirituality development and addiction potential among students of Qom University of Medical Sciences, Iran. This cross-sectional study was performed in Qom University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from February 2015 to July 2016 which accommodates 250 subjects that were selected through systematic random sampling. Data collection tools were demographic, spiritual attitude and addiction potential questionnaire. Data were analyzed, using frequency, percent, Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis in SPSS 20 software. The mean age was 22.26 ± 4.8; 189 (75.6%) of them were women, 207 (82.8%) were single, 239 (95.6%) of them were Iranian, and the others were non-Iranian. The Pearson correlation coefficient between spiritual attitude and addiction potential (R = - 0.25) at the level of p < 0.001 and between spiritual ability and addiction (R = - 0.16) at the level of p < 0/009 was reversed and meaningful, and between spiritual attitude and spiritual ability (R = 0/76) is directly and statistically significant at the level of p < 0/001. Increasing spiritual attitude and spiritual ability is associated with decreasing addiction potential among students. Information this article can be use to planning spirituality development among students that can be a kind of obstacle against addiction during stressful events.