[The comparative characteristic of level of histamine, IgE and IgG in blood and the lymph at the experimental anaphylactic shock and Artyus phenomenon].

Maintenance changes of histamine and levels of immunoglobulin E and G in blood and lymph are studied at the ex- perimental anaphylactic and Artyus phenomenon. Experiments were conducted in two series on 27 rabbits of "Chinchilla" breed. As control are served the investigated indicators of concentration of histamine and levels of IgE and IgG in blood and lymph of intact animals. Results of research have shown that, at the experimental anaphylactic shock increase the level of IgE and decrease the level of IgG. At the Artyus phenomenon increase of level of IgG and the decrease in level of IgE more expressed in blood, than in lymph is marked. Concentration of histamine raises, both at the anaphylactic shock, and at the of Artyus phenomenon, but is more expressed at anaphylaxis, and also in blood, than in lymph. Key words: anaphylactic shock; Artyus phenomenon; histamine; immunoglobulin

Partially coherent stable and spiral beams.

Stable and spiral coherent beams, which do not change the form of their intensity distribution apart from possible scaling and rotation during propagation and therefore possess self-healing properties, are widely applied in science and technology. On the other hand, it has been found that partially coherent light often provides better output than coherent light. Here we consider two methods for the design and experimental generation of partially coherent stable and spiral beams.

[Blood plasma zinc and copper concentrations in patients with purulent soft tissue wounds].

The paper considers postoperative imbalance of the trace elements zinc and copper in 40 surgical patients aged 47.2 +/- 17.1 years who have extensive purulent soft tissue wounds (PSTW). In 90% of the patients with PSTW, plasma Zn++ levels were much lower than the reference values (the normal value was 11.1-19.5 micromol/l) while in 47.5%, serum Zn++ was in the range of less than 7 micromol/l, which is a poor prognostic factor. There was a negative correlation between the level of Zn++ and that of C-reactive protein (CRP) and a positive correlation between the former and the magnitude of a reduction in transferrin (TF) as a marker of protein-energy malnutrition. Plasma Cu/Zn ratio is shown to be of very clinical importance. The higher this ratio (normal ratio 0.9-1.13) is, the more severe the general condition of patients with PSTW, the higher CRP values (above 120 mg/l; normal value 0-6 mg/l), and the lower TF levels are. In patients with PSTW, zinc level and Cu/Zn ratio may act as an independent predictor of a grave condition during a systemic inflammatory reaction.

[Assessment of natriuretic peptide indices and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure].

The authors have studied indices of natriuretic peptide and oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). 52 male patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis (PICS) who have developed CHF have been observed. The age of the patients varied from 38 till 60. It was established that CHF patients with progression of the disease had worsening of their clinical condition together with an increase of oxidative stress which was characterized through decrease of NO metabolites, NADPH--diaphorase (eNOS), increase of nitrite reductase (iNOS) and peroxinitrite (ONOO), correlative increase the level of brain natriuretic peptide in blood plazma. Reliable connection between considerable increase of oxidative stress and the level of NT-pro BNP was noted in CHF patients, which demands necessity of correction of observed disorders.

Fresnel diffraction effects in Fourier-transform arrayed waveguide grating spectrometer.

We present an analysis of Fourier-transform arrayed waveguide gratings in the Fresnel diffraction regime. We report a distinct spatial modulation of the interference pattern referred to as the Moiré-Talbot effect. The effect and its influence in a FT AWG device is explained by deriving an original analytical expression for the modulated field, and is also confirmed by numerical simulations using the angular spectrum method to solve the Fresnel diffraction integral. We illustrate the retrieval of spectral information in a waveguide Fourier-transform spectrometer in the presence of the Moiré-Talbot effect. The simulated device comprises two interleaved waveguide arrays each with 180 waveguides and the interference order of 40. It is designed with a Rayleigh spectral resolution of 0.1 nm and 8 nm bandwidth at wavelength lambda approximately 1.5 mum. We also demonstrate by numerical simulations that the spectrometer crosstalk is reduced from -20 dB to -40 dB by Gaussian apodization.

Finite mode analysis through harmonic waveguides

The mode analysis of signals in a multimodal shallow harmonic waveguide whose eigenfrequencies are equally spaced and finite can be performed by an optoelectronic device, of which the optical part uses the guide to sample the wave field at a number of sensors along its axis and the electronic part computes their fast Fourier transform. We illustrate this process with the Kravchuk transform.

Self-affinity in phase space.

The expression for the Wigner distribution (WD) in polar coordinates was derived, based on the decomposition of coherent and partially coherent fields on the orthogonal sets of Hermite-Gauss modes. This representation allows one to analyze easily the structure of the WD and to describe the field propagation through first-order optical systems, including the self-imaging phenomenon.

Wigner distribution and fractional Fourier transform for two-dimensional symmetric optical beams.

A useful relationship between the fractional Fourier transform power spectra of a two-dimensional symmetric optical beam, on the one hand, and its Wigner distribution, on the other, is established. This relationship allows a significant simplification of the standard procedure for the reconstruction of the Wigner distribution from the field intensity distributions in the fractional Fourier domains. The Wigner distribution of a symmetric optical beam is analyzed, both in the coherent and in the partially coherent case.

Phase-space distributions in quasi-polar coordinates and the fractional Fourier transform.

The ambiguity function and Cohen's class of bilinear phase-space distributions are represented in a quasipolar coordinate system instead of in a Cartesian system. Relationships between these distributions and the fractional Fourier transform are derived; in particular, derivatives of the ambiguity function are related to moments of the fractional power spectra. A simplification is achieved for the description of underspread signals, for optical beam characterization, and for the generation of signal-adaptive phase-space distributions.

Fractionalization of the linear cyclic transforms.

In this study the general algorithm for the fractionalization of the linear cyclic integral transforms is established. It is shown that there are an infinite number of continuous fractional transforms related to a given cyclic integral transform. The main properties of the fractional transforms used in optics are considered. As an example, two different types of fractional Hartley transform are introduced, and the experimental setups for their optical implementation are proposed.

Mode analysis in optics through fractional transforms.

The relationship between the mode content and the fractional Fourier and fractional Hankel transforms of a function is established. It is shown that the Laguerre-Gauss spectrum of a rotationally symmetric wave front can be determined from the wave front's fractional Hankel transforms taken at the optical axis.

[The division of the territory of Azerbaijan into districts by hydatid echinococcosis]. / Raionirovanie territorii Azerbaidzhana po gidatidoznomu ékhinokokkozu.

The epizootiological and epidemiological stratification of the territory of Azerbaijan on hydatid disease was made. Four zones were identified as low, moderately, highly and extremely endemic. These zones are differentiated from their climatic and social conditions for echinococcosis distribution, human incidence and prevalence, canine and ovine number and prevalence, and the time of survival of echinococcus eggs in the soil. The most intensive disease control measures are recommended in mountainous regions of the Small Caucasus.

[Latent gastro-intestinal hemorrhages as symptoms of hemorrhagic syndrome in acute leukemia]. / Skrytye zheludochno-kishechnye krovotecheniia kak proiavleniia gemorragicheskogo sindroma pri ostrykh leikozakh.

A clinicoradiologic investigation of latent gastrointestinal hemorrhages was conducted in acute leukemia patients with the use of 51Cr. A total of 26 patients suffering from varying forms of leukemia with no external hemorrhages were investigated. Latent gastrointestinal hemorrhages were detected in 50% of the patients. A definite relationship has been revealed between the hemorrhage degree and the leukemic process stage, in acute periods of the disease the volumes of gastrointestinal hemorrhages significantly exceed the permissible volumes. The authors have shown that the method of quantitative determination of latent gastrointestinal hemorrhages with the use of 51Cr, due to its accuracy and informative value, can be recommended for practical use and scientific investigations.

[The effect of winter pasturing in animal husbandry on the level of morbidity from unilocular hydatid disease]. / Vliianie otgonnogo zhivotnovodstva na uroven' zabolevaemosti odnokamernym ékhinokokkozom.

Winter pasturing in [correction of Ontogonic] animal farming typical of mountain regions highly endemic for echinococcosis effects the epidemiological situation in the low lands that are not highly endemic. This is particularly marked in settlements located near the routes of cattle driving and winter pastures, which leads to higher echinococcosis morbidity of the local population as assessed by the results of serological tests.

Cytophotometry of granulocytes in chronic granulocytic leukemia patients. Part I. Cell cycle distribution, S-phase transition and quantitative cytochemistry.

In the chronic phase of CGL the proportion of granulocytes in S + G2 was lower (18.7 +/- 1.3% in marrow and 16.7 +/- 2.4% in blood) than in normal bone marrow (42.4 +/- 2.9%) as studied by Feulgen-DNA cytophotometry. During the blast crisis the percentage of S + G2 blasts was 39.3 +/- 8.4 in marrow and 38.7 +/- 7.8 in blood which was much higher than in acute myeloblastic leukemia patients (10.8 +/- 1.4 and 5.1 +/- 1.0). Thymidine labelling index values were lower than the percentage of cytophotometrically detected S-phase cells: up to 28% of cells with Feulgen-DNA content corresponding to S-phase did not incorporate 3H-thymidine. The rate of DNA synthesis remained constant during the S-phase but 3H-thymidine uptake increases towards the end of the S-phase. Morphometric parameters and quantitative cytochemical (PAS, Sudan, myeloperoxidase activity) characteristics of polymorphonuclear neutrophils were altered during the chronic phase of the disease but remained in the normal range during the blast crisis. Mature neutrophils in the blast crisis are assumed to originate from normal granulocyte progenitors.

Cytophotometry of granulocytes in chronic granulocytic leukaemia patients. Part II. Effects of chemotherapy on cell kinetics and cytochemical parameters of granulocytes.

A successful course of chemotherapy (myelosan or combined regimens) results in a two to eight fold decrease of the percentage of S + G2 cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood and in the restoration of normal morphometric and cytochemical patterns of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in the chronic phase of CGL. In those patients of the chronic phase not responding to chemotherapy and in blast crisis the proportion of S + G2 cells did not change after a course of chemotherapy. Cytostatic drugs killed cells in all phases of the cell cycle. The initial response to chemotherapy was a slight increase of the proportion of S + G2 cells in peripheral blood, apparently as a result of the block in cell cycle transition which was followed by a rapid drop of S + G2 proportion. During chemotherapy such phenomena as an appearance of tetraploid mature neutrophils and of aneuploid clones were occasionally observed.