Association of age at menopause and age at menarche with later-life skeletal fragility fractures in Bosnian postmenopausal women.

Aim To investigate the effects of estrogen-related events (age at menopause, age at menarche) on later-life skeletal fragility in Bosnian postmenopausal women. Methods A total of 100 postmenopausal Bosnian women, aged between 55 and 75 years, were included. The women in the study group (n=50) had fragility fractures, and in the control group (n=50) were without fragility fractures. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) on the lumbar spine (L2-L4) and proximal femur. Results No statistically significant difference relating to the age between the groups was found. The average age at menopause was 44.70 years in women with fragility fractures and 51.76 years in women without fragility fracture (p=0.0001). The average age at menarche was 14.30 years in women with fragility fractures and 13.70 years in women without fragility fractures (p=0.140). T score of ≤-2.5 SD was found in 40 (80%) women in the study group, and in eight (16%) women in the control group (p=0.0001). Conclusions Age at menopause, but not age at menarche, was risk factors for later-life fragility fracture in postmenopausal Bosnian women. In addition, fragility fractures correlated with low BMD in this population group.

Evaluation of bone remodelling parameters after one year treatment with alendronate in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Antiresorptive agents are widely used to treat osteoporosis. Both reduction in bone turnover and increase in BMD may be necessary to decrease the fracture risk. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of aledronate on bone turnover markers and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The study involved a group of 56 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with alendronate (70 mg) weekly at the Institute of Nuclear Medicine Clinical Center University of Sarajevo during a 12-months period. Bone mineral density (BMD) at lumbar spine and proximal femur and bone turnover markers (serum ß-CrossLaps, urinary N-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTx), total serum alkaline phosphatase (AP) and serum osteocalcin) were measured at baseline and after 12 months of the treatment with aledronate. BMD values significantly increased both at lumbar spine by 13.46% and proximal femur by 21.96% during the study period (-3.12±0.24 vs. -2.7±0.19 and -2.55±0.2 vs. -1.99±0.19 respectively; p<0.001). Bone turnover markers significantly decreased during the study period; C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen fragment (ß-CrossLaps) 49.0% (0.51±0.05 vs.0.26±0.028 ng/mL), NTX 33.4% (48.3±4.9 vs.32.15±3.25 nMBCE/mM Cr), AP 24.3% (81.1±5.2 to 61.43±5.2 IU/L) and serum osteocalcin by 29.7% (34.3±2.65 to 24.1±1.36 ng/mL)(p<0.001). Alendronate treatment increased BMD and reduced the level of bone turnover markers. Therefore, the treatment with aledronate during 12 months period can be recommended in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.

Efficiency and safety of radioactive iodine I-131 in treatment of thyroid disease.

Thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the body. The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate the metabolism rate, affect the growth and many functions of various organ systems. Nuclear medicine technique is very useful diagnostic tool in detecting thyroid disease. Thyroid scintigraphy can reveal functional and anatomic information of thyroid gland. A variety of radiopharmaceuticals and methodologies have been used over the years in nuclear medicine. Iodine-131 has been used to image the thyroid several decades. Radioactive Iodine I-131 is useful for the treatment of hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer. There were 100 participants included in the study who were treated with I-131. The participants were checked 6 months and 12 months after the beginning of the treatment. The results show normalization of the laboratory parameters and hormonal status at the control examinations after 6 months and 12 months therapy with I-131. The side effects did not appear in any of the patients, which demonstrates safe application.

[Thyroid scintigraphy as diagnostic method evaluation of thyroid diseases]. / Scintigrafija stitne zlijezde kao dijagnosticka metoda u evaluaciji oboljenja stitne slijezde.

The thyroid is one of the largest endocrine glands in the body. It may enlarge substanially during pregnancy and when affected by a variety of diseases. The thyroid gland produces hormones, that regulates all metabolic processes and affect the growth and rate of functioning of many other systems in the body. Studies of the endocrine system are among the original procedures in nuclear medicine. Thyroid scintigraphy and radiotracer uptake studies remain an important part of the practice of nuclear medicine. Scintigraphy reveales functional and anatomy changes in status of thyroid gland. A systematic and complete interpretation of the thyroid scintigrams requires assessments of thyroid size and configuration and identification and description of focal abnormalities, including hot and cold nodules and extratyroidal activity in the neck or mediastinum.

[Evaluation of thyroid diseases in nuclear medicine]. / Evaluacija tireoidnih oboljenja u nuklearnoj medicini.

The thyroid is one of the larger endocrine glands in the body. The thyroid size is 15-20 gr. The gland produces hormones that regulate all metabolic processes in large number of tissues in the body, and produces hormones that affect the growth and rate of function of many other systems in the body. Studies of the endocrine system are among the original procedures in nuclear medicine. Thyroid scintigraphy and radio-tracer uptake studies remain an important part of the practice of nuclear medicine. Scintigraphy reveals functional and anatomic status of thyroid gland. A systematic and complete interpretation of the thyroid scintigrams requires assessments of thyroid size and configuration and identification and description of focal abnormalities, including hot and cold nodules and extrathyroidal activity in the neck or mediastinum. Early diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disease have made possible the reduction of morbidity and mortality associated with these disorders.

[Effects of topical treatment with Bostrombin ointment and gel in model rabbits]. / Efekti topikalne primjene Bostrombin masti i gela kod kunica.

In the study with preparations under the registered names Bostrombin gel 50,000 IU and Bostrombin ointment 50,000 IU, in two parallel groups we did one-time and several times application of drugs to the health and previously damaged skin of rabbits. The study included 24 rabbits, divided in 4 groups with 6 rabbits. In two groups of rabbits 3 hour before application the skin was damaged. The skin was treated with gel or ointment, supervised after 15 minutes, and every hour first 6 hours. Also, skin was examined after 24, 48 and 72 hour. Four day after one-time application same rabbits were treated seven days with Bostrombin gel and ointment preparations, after seven days we made notes of effects to skin. The research confirmed that one-time application Bostrombin gel and ointment at health and damaged skin has no effect, but several times application of drug on damaged skin provoke reaction such as eritema and red inflammation of skin. We tested the efficacy, tolerance and impact of topical therapy with Bostrombin gel and ointment at health and damaged skin of rabbits.