[The role of the neonatal FC receptor in the uncoating of echoviruses and coxsackievirus A9.]

The aim of this study was to determine the role of the human neonatal receptor for the Fc fragment of IgG (hFcRn) as a common uncoating cellular receptor for echoviruses and coxsackievirus A9 during infection of human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The protective effect of the human serum albumin, purified from globulins, (HSAGF) and antibodies to hFcRn was studied in RD cells infected with several strains and clones of species B enteroviruses possessing different receptor specificity (echoviruses 3, 9, 11, 30 and coxsackieviruses A9, B4, B5). RESULTS: It was shown that HSA-GF at concentrations of 4% or less protected RD cells from infection with echoviruses 3, 9, 11 and coxsackievirus A9. The antibodies to hFcRn at concentrations of 2.5 ug/mL or less demonstrated the similar spectrum of protective activity in RD cells against infection with echoviruses 3, 9, 11, 30 and coxsackievirus A9. The protective effect of HSA-GF or the antibodies to hFcRn was not observed in RD cells infected with coxsackieviruses B4 and B5 that need coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor for uncoating. DISCUSSION: The usage of the previously characterized echovirus 11 clonal variants with different receptor specificity allowed us to define the function of hFcRn as a canyon-binding uncoating receptor in RD cells. The kinetics and magnitude of the observed protective effects correlated with receptor specificity of the enteroviruses used in this work supporting the two-step interaction of DAF-dependent echoviruses with the cellular receptors. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the function of hFcRn was defined in RD cells as a canyon-binding and uncoating receptor for echoviruses and coxsackievirus A9. The two-step interaction of DAF-dependent echoviruses during entry into the cells was confirmed: initially with the binding receptor DAF and subsequently with the uncoating receptor hFcRn.

[Review of current issues of diagnosis and prevention of blood-borne nosocomial viral infections.]

Provision of infection security in transplantology and transfusiology is a challenging and significant problem that depends on the quality of medical donor selection and laboratory diagnosis of the blood collected. At present, a large number of blood-borne viruses are known; nevertheless, in Russia, the list of viral agents to be tested during the examination by the blood service boils down to three ones: HIV, hepatitis C and hepatitis B viruses. The review article demonstrates the need for implementation of additional laboratory tests for the agents of the priority healthcare-associated blood-borne infections (HAI) using a risk-based approach, i.e., on specified sites and in high risk groups. It presents a methodology for determination of a quantitative blood-induced infection residual risk (BIRR) index to be used while evaluating the efficiency of viral security provision in the blood service.

[CONDITION OF HEPATOBILIARY SYSTEM IN JUVENILE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS].

The Article is dedicated to the results of the clinical-biochemical, biophysical and pathomorphological study of liver in the patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Liver injury in 64.8 % of patients with JRA was found, showing signs of mesenchymal inflammation, hypoalbuminemia, hyperbilirubinemia, hyperenzymemia. The importance of elastography in the early diagnosis of liver fibrosis in patients with JRA was determined. Results of morphological studies of patients who died of liver JRA treated with methotrexate showed that in contrast to patients not receiving methotrexate noted the development of more severe disorganized, dystrophic and immunopathological processes with transition to the sclerotic and fibromatous changes.

[Experience of application of modern means of disinfection of air for preventive medications for respiratory diseases in troops].

Among factors of acute respiratory diseases morbidity in military personnel one of most important is frequent interfuisions, of military personnel and long-term occupancy in barracks in conditions of overcrowding. These factors conduce accumulation and communication of causative agents. Prophylaxis focused on prevention ofaerogenous transmission of infection. It is very important if ventilation in barracks is ineffective. Principally new possibilities of air sanitation in barracks are aerosol generators. Application of these generators unlike standard disinfection method provides massive exposure of fine aerosol to rooms. Authors highlight successful experience ofaerosol generators type Raster ULV that helped to reduce acute respiratory diseases morbidity in military personnel.

[The test of medical service of the implementation of modern methods of prophylaxis of acute respiratory infection in the forces].

In the article are presented the technologies, regular usage of which let attain important decrease of the level of airborne infections in the period of epidemic. These technologies are noncontact infared thermometer "Kelvin-kompakt" 201 (M1), medication in aerosol packing "Bakteroks Mentol" for the air disinfection in small rooms (medical squadron, unauthorized sick-room), photocatalytic air disinfectant "Airlife".

[Modern characteristics of epidemiology and prevention of community-acquired pneumonia in military staff].

AIM: To study the effectiveness of system for prevention of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in military teams and determine the main ways for its improvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on incidence of CAP in military staff during 1993 - 2008 were used. Analysis of morbidity was performed using classical methods of epidemiological analysis. RESULTS: Registered incidence of CAP in military staff was 5 - 7 times higher compared with average incidence in adult population of the country. Main factors determining realization of CAP epidemic process mechanisms in military teams were revealed. Two-fold and more rise in incidence of CAP and acute respiratory infection in military recruits is forecasted for 2010. Effect of use of Pneumo 23 vaccine for freshmen recruits is grounded. CONCLUSION: Immunization of military staff with Pneumo 23 vaccine considered effective and needed component in complex of prophylactic measures performed in troops.

[The 75th anniversary of the Center of state sanitarium-epidemiological control of PUrMD].

At the first of October 2010 Federal state institute "The 1026th center of state sanitarium-epidemiological control of the Ministry of Defense of RF", situated in Ekaterinburg celebrates it's 75th anniversary. Now days the Center is a large multiprofile institute of medical service of the military region, equipped by moern laboratory and instrumental environment for examination of electro-magnetic and electro-magnetic, microclimate, environment, indication of biological agents, effectuating of immune-enzymatic analyze and PCR-diagnostics.

[Organizational-epidemiological aspects of prophylaxis of outhospital pneumonia in military communities].

The article presents actual questions of epidemiology of outhospital pneumonia (OP), peculiarities of epidemic process of these infections in troops in now-day conditions and updates of main directions of their prophylaxis. It was marked that alongside with clearly defined tendency of lowing, the morbidity by OP in the Armed Forces of RF is still rather high--in 5-7 folds higher than among adult population of the country. Whereby it is predicted further complication of sanitarium-epidemiological situation in connection with increase of call-up. The article uncovers the main factors, supplying the realization of mechanism of epidemic process of OP in military collectives. Vaccination of staff by registered in RF multipartial pneumococcal vaccine Pnevmo-23 is considered as an effective and necessary medical measure in complex of prophylactic measures, effectuating in troops.

[Clinico-pathogenetic role of the structural and functional disorganization of cell membranes in pneumonia in newborn infants]. / Kliniko-patogeneticheskaia rol' strukturno-funktsional'noi dezorganizatsii kletochnykh membran pri pnevmoniiakh u novorozhdennykh.

Based on a study of the function of the enzymes participating in red blood cell transmembrane transport (K+, Na+ATPase, Mg2(+)-ATPase and Ca2(+)-ATPase) in the newborn with pneumonias it was established that there was a decrease in the activity of the enzymes at the height of the clinical manifestations of disease, especially in septic pneumonias. The changes discovered were in agreement with the disease gravity and the intensity of certain clinical symptoms and depended as well on the initial vegetative tone. The activity of the membrane enzymes also depended on the changes in the physicochemical constants of cellular membranes, namely on red blood cell deformability and the phospholipid ratio. The results of the studies demonstrate that the use of the drugs favouring the improvement of reparative functions of cellular membranes and inhibiting the transmembrane calcium flow is advisable in the newborn as part of multimodality treatment.

[Clinical value of studying phospholipids in young children with acute pneumonia]. / Klinicheskoe znachenie issledovaniia fosfolipidov pri ostroi tiazhelo protekaiushchei pnevmonii u detei rannego vozrasta.

A study was made of phospholipid metabolism in 268 children aged 1 month to 3 years, who were in a critical condition consequent on acute complicated pneumonia. Unbalance of that type metabolism was revealed. It consisted in intensive accumulation of lysophosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin in the stroma of red blood cells and in a decrease of their pool in the blood plasma as well as in a reduction of the content of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine towards the plasma pool. The bronchial secretion was established to have an elevated content of malonic dialdehyde, diene conjugates and active phospholipases. The indicated membrane destabilizing processes occurring in patients with acute complicated pneumonia, who are in urgent conditions, dictate the necessity of including antioxidants and membrane stabilizers into the multimodality treatment of the disease.