Rare presentation of retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma mimicking a myoma in a 46-year-old woman: A case report.

Retroperitoneal sarcoma is relatively uncommon. We share our experience in encountering retroperitoneal sarcoma with vascular and urethral adhesion in a 46-year-old woman. Given the rarity of these tumors, evaluation and management should ideally be performed in a center equipped with multidisciplinary expertise in treating sarcomas.

Aggressive angiomyxoma of vulva in 28-years old patient: A case report of second recurrence.

INTRODUCTION: Aggressive angiomyxoma is an uncommon mesenchymal tumor in women who are in reproductive age, that occurring in the pelvis and perineal zone with a high risk of local infiltration and recurrence. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a case of a 28-year-old woman with a huge recurrent vulvar aggressive angiomyxoma. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Our patients underwent surgery and tumor resection for two times but had relapsed every 2 years through 5 years and finally she underwent total vulvectomy. The patient received Decapeptide for 3 months to prevent tumor recurrence after surgery and to date,there has been no evidence of local recurrence. CONCLUSION: Aggressive angiomyxoma is a rare tumor with high recurrence rate. The best treatment is surgical resection by experienced Gyn-oncologist in teamwork and territory Hospital.

Fertility sparing surgery in malignant ovarian Germ cell tumor (MOGCT): 15 years experiences.

AIM: We aim to evaluate the reproductive outcome of fertility-sparing surgery and chemotherapy among young women diagnosed with MOGCT of any stage. METHODS: In the current retrospective study we evaluated 79 patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCT) who visited at Imam Center, Vali-e-asr Hospital, Gynecologic Oncology department during 2001-2016. Reproductive outcomes (menstruation status and childbearing) followed fertility-preserving surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy by filling questionnaires. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS software, Chi-Square Tests were done, and significance was determined at P ≤ 0.05. Results among 79 young women who underwent fertility-sparing treatment, 72 patients followed up for reproductive outcome, and 7 patients excluded because of death (3 cases), XY genotyping (3 cases), and bilateral ovarian involvement (1 case). The mean age at presentation was 23 years. (Range: 19-33 years). The 5 and 10-year disease-free survival rate was 87% and 94.4%, respectively. The overall survival rate (OSR) was 94.4% at 5 and 10 years. Regular menstruation recovered in 60 of 72 patients after treatment (83%). All patients without adjuvant chemotherapy experienced regular menstruation, while normal menstruation was retrieved in 78% in the adjuvant chemotherapy group at the end of treatment. This retrieval of regular menstruation was not dependent on the age or number of chemotherapy cycles. 19 of 26 patients who attempted pregnancy were led to delivery (73%). No one required infertility treatments. The mean of chemotherapy cycles is related to a successful pregnancy. CONCLUSION: We showed patients with MOGCT could become pregnant and give birth if they desire. The advanced tumor stage wasn't the convincing factor for avoiding fertility preservation. Fertility sparing surgery with adjuvant chemotherapy is a safe treatment and results in a high fertility rate.

Nickel phthalocyanine@graphene oxide/TiO2 as an efficient degradation catalyst of formic acid toward hydrogen production.

A new photocatalytic system was introduced to degrade formic acid toward hydrogen production using nickel(II) phthalocyanine (NiPc)@graphene oxide (GO)/TiO2 as the catalyst. Synthesis of NiPc was performed in the presence of GO leading to a homogeneous distribution of NiPc on GO. While TiO2 promoted the reaction using each of NiPc and GO under visible light, the reaction was carried out with superior rate using NiPc@GO/TiO2. In this reaction, GO minimized the band gap of TiO2 through contributing its Fermi levels and NiPc escalated the photocatalytic reaction rate as a sensitizing agent. The reaction released hydrogen with the rate of 1.38 mmol h-1 and TOF = 77 h-1.

Fertility-sparing uterine lesion resection in a woman with hemoperitoneum due to invasive mole: A rare case report.

INTRODUCTION: Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia comprises a unique group of human neoplastic diseases that derive from fetal trophoblastic tissues. The hydatidiform mole is the most common form of GTD, representing 80 % of cases. An invasive mole is a hydatidiform mole characterized by the enlarged hydropic villi invading into the myometrium, into vascular spaces, or into extrauterine sites. CASE PRESENTATION: Here is a case with invasive mole after the evacuation of complete molar pregnancy, presented with an acute abdomen. We desired to preserve the uterine because our 21 years old patient doesn't have a child. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: An emergency abdominal ultrasound scan showed a 47 ∗ 34 ∗ 55 mm ill-defined hyperechoic heterogeneous mass with anechoic cystic vascular spaces within it, in the posterior wall of the uterus away from the endometrium that extended to the serous layer of the uterus. Laparotomy was done. After the evacuation of 2 L of hemoperitoneum, an approximately 5 × 4 metastatic, vesicular mass was seen in the posterior wall of the uterus, which was resected and uterine preservation was successful. CONCLUSION: This case report describes the clinical, imaging, surgical and histopathological findings of Invasive mole after a hydatidiform molar pregnancy. Our case highlights the feasibility of fertility-preserving surgery in the case who experienced life-threatening hemorrhage due to a ruptured uterus.

Overlimiting Current in Nonuniform Arrays of Microchannels: Recirculating Flow and Anticrystallization.

Overlimiting current (OLC) through electrolytes interfaced with perm-selective membranes has been extensively researched for understanding fundamental nano-electrokinetics and developing efficient engineering applications. This work studies how a network of microchannels in a nonuniform array, which mimics a natural pore configuration, can contribute to OLC. Here, micro/nanofluidic devices are fabricated with arrays of parallel microchannels with nonuniform size distributions, which are faced with a perm-selective membrane. All cases maintain the same surface and bulk conduction to allow probing of the sensitivity only by the nonuniformity. Rigorous experimental and theoretical investigation demonstrates that overlimiting conductance has a maximum value depending on the nonuniformity. Furthermore, in operando visualization reveals that the nonuniform arrays induce flow loops across the microchannel network enhancing advective transport. This recirculating flow eliminates local salt accumulations so that it can effectively suppress undesirable salt crystallization. Therefore, these results can significantly advance not only the fundamental understanding of the driving mechanism of the OLC but also the design rule of electrochemical membrane applications.

Broad ligament pregnancy in the presence of an intrauterine contraceptive device: A case report.

INTRODUCTION: Abdominal pregnancy though scarce is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Few cases till now have been diagnosed or managed by laparoscopy. CASE PRESENTATION: In this study, a case of an abdominal pregnancy in a woman with intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) in situ and a history of cesarean section is described. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Our case was a brief description of a broad ligament pregnancy as a subcategory of abdominal pregnancy .It was located medial to the pelvic sidewall, lateral to the uterus, inferior to the fallopian tube and superior to the pelvic floor. CONCLUSION: The pregnancy was in the location of the left broad ligament which was diagnosed on laparoscopic evaluation.

Impact of network heterogeneity on electrokinetic transport in porous media.

We present a numerical study of electrokinetic transport in porous media, focusing on the role of heterogeneity in a porous microstructure on ion concentration polarization and over-limiting current. For simplicity, the porous medium is modeled as a network of long, thin charged cylindrical pores, each governed by one-dimensional effective transport equations. For weak surface conduction, when sufficiently large potential is applied, we demonstrate that electrokinetic transport in a porous network can be dominated by electro-convection via internally induced flow loops, which is not properly captured by existing homogenized models. We systematically vary the topology and "accessivity" of the pore network and compare with simulations of traditional homogenized parallel-pore (capillary-bundle) models, in order to reveal the effects of regular and hierarchical connectivity. Our computational framework sheds light on the complex physics of electrokinetic phenomena in microstructures and may be used to design porous media for applications, such as water desalination and purification by shock electrodialysis.

Multiscale Model for Electrokinetic Transport in Networks of Pores, Part II: Computational Algorithms and Applications.

The first part of this two-article series presented a robust mathematical model for the fast and accurate prediction of electrokinetic phenomena in porous networks with complex topologies. In the second part of this series, we first present a numerical algorithm that can efficiently solve the model equations. We then demonstrate that the resulting framework is capable of capturing a wide range of transport phenomena in microstructures by considering a hierarchy of canonical problems with increasing complexity. The developed framework is validated against direct numerical simulations of deionization shocks in micropore-membrane junctions and concentration polarization in micro- and nanochannel systems. We demonstrate that for thin pores subject to concentration gradients our model consistently captures correct induced osmotic pressure, which is a macroscopic phenomena originally derived from thermodynamic principles but here is naturally predicted through microscopic electrostatic interactions. Moreover, we show that the developed model captures current rectification phenomena in a conical nanopore subject to an axial external electric field. Finally, we provide discussions on examples involving stationary and moving deionization shocks in micropore nanopore T-junctions as well as induced-flow loops when pores of varying sizes are connected in parallel.

Multiscale Model for Electrokinetic Transport in Networks of Pores, Part I: Model Derivation.

We present an efficient and robust numerical model for the simulation of electrokinetic phenomena in porous media and microstructure networks considering a wide range of applications including energy conversion, deionization, and microfluidic-based lab-on-a-chip systems. Coupling between fluid flow and ion transport in these networks is governed by the Poisson-Nernst-Planck-Stokes equations. These equations describe a wide range of phenomena that can interact in a complex fashion when coupled in networks involving multiple pores with variable properties. Capturing these phenomena by direct simulation of the governing equations in multidimensions is prohibitively expensive. We present here a reduced-order model that treats a network of many pores via solutions to 1D equations. Assuming that each pore in the network is long and thin, we derive a 1D model describing the transport in the pore's longitudinal direction. We take into account the cross-sectional nonuniformity of potential and ion concentration fields in the form of area-averaged coefficients in different flux terms representing fluid flow, electric current, and ion fluxes. These coefficients are obtained from the solutions to the Poisson-Boltzmann equation and are tabulated against dimensionless surface charge and dimensionless thickness of the electric double layer (EDL). Although similar models have been attempted in the past, distinct advantages of the present framework include a fully conservative discretization with zero numerical leakage, fully bounded area-averaged coefficients without any singularity in the limit of infinitely thick EDLs, a flux discretization that exactly preserves equilibrium conditions, and extension to a general network of pores with multiple intersections. In part II of this two-article series, we present a numerical implementation of this model and demonstrate its applications in predicting a wide range of electrokinetic phenomena in microstructures.