Prevalence of urinary incontinence among women in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: Urinary incontinence is defined as involuntary loss of urine, a common health condition that is more frequent in women. It disturbs the affected individuals and interferes with their daily activities. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of urinary incontinence among Saudi women in the western area of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used for this study. A survey was administered to Saudi women in the western area of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia ranging in age from 18 to 70 years. The data were collected using the Arabic version of the Questionnaire for Urinary Incontinence Diagnosis. Descriptive statistics were generated by calculating numbers and percentages of information on the prevalence of incontinence in women. p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of urinary incontinence was 44.2%, with the urge type being the most reported. Stress urinary incontinence was reported by 155 women (15.4%), urgency urinary incontinence by 257 women (25.6%), and mixed urinary incontinence by 102 women (10.15%). CONCLUSIONS: Urinary incontinence is prevalent in women in Western Saudi Arabia. Age, multiparty obesity, and vaginal surgery are significant risk factors influencing its occurrence.

Short beveled sharp cutting needle is superior to facet tip needle for ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block in children with umbilical hernia: a case series.

BACKGROUND: The most common peripheral nerve blocks used in umbilical hernia repair are rectus sheath block and regional block (caudal block). Ultrasound guidance of peripheral nerve blocks has reduced the number of complications and improved the quality of blocks. The aim of this study is to assess the post rectus sheath block pain relief in pediatric patients coming for umbilical surgery, and to evaluate the easiness of soft tissue puncture and ultrasonic appearance of two different needle types. METHODS: Twenty two (22) pediatric patients (age range: 1.5-8 years) scheduled for umbilical hernia repair were included in the study. Following the induction of general anesthesia, the ultrasonographic anatomy of the umbilical region was studied with a 5-16 MHz linear probe. An ultrasound-guided rectus sheath block in the lateral edge of both rectus abdominis muscles (RMs) was performed (total of 44 punctures). A 22 gauge short beveled sharp cutting needle 1.1 x 30 mm needle A (BD Insyte--W, Vialon material. Spain) was used in one side, and a Stimuplex A insulated Needle 22G 50mm (needle B) was used on the other side. Surgical conditions, intraoperative hemodynamic parameters, and postoperative analgesia were evaluated. RESULTS: Ultrasonograghic visualization of the posterior sheath was possible in all patients. Needle A scored 72.7% of excellent needle tip and shaft view (16 out of 22) compared to 63.63% for needle B (14 out of 22). None of the needles scored poor view. The ultrasound guided rectus sheath blockade provided sufficient analgesia in all children with no need for additional analgesia except for one child who postoperatively requested morphine 0.1 mg/kg intravenously in recovery room. There were no complications. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound guidance enables performances of an effective rectus sheath block for umbilical hernia in the lateral edge of the rectus muscle. Use of the sharp short beveled needle of 22 gauge intravenous (IV) cannula stylet provides easy, less traumatic skin and rectus muscle penetration and better needle visualization by the ultrasound.