ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Video games have become popular in the last few decades, resulting in an increase in reported negative consequences. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of internet gaming disorder (IGD), its association with gaming behavior, depression, and anxiety in male high school students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved male high school students in Dammam. Schools were selected using stratified random sampling, and data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Data analyzed using SPSS v23.0; the initial analysis included descriptive statistics. Continuous and ordinal variables were compared using t-test or Mann-Whitney U test, and ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test, as appropriate; Chi-square test was used for categorical variables. Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the correlation between IGD score and depression and anxiety scores. RESULTS: A total of 726 high school gamers were involved, 87% of whom were Saudi, with a mean age of 16.92 years and 45% were from public schools. The mean IGD score was 18.12, and the prevalence of IGD was 21.85%. Students who spent ≥4 h/day on weekdays or ≥6 h/day at weekends on videogames and gamers who spent ≥200 Saudi Riyals per month on gaming had significantly higher mean IGD scores (P < 0.001). Gamers who used PC/laptop for gaming had significantly higher IGD scores compared to those who used other devices (P = 0.002). Action, fight, open-world games, and games with violence were associated with significantly higher IGD scores. Among students with IGD, 21.7% had moderately severe/severe depression and 11.4% had severe anxiety. CONCLUSION: IGD is a concerning psychiatric disorder in male high school students. It is associated with certain gaming behavior and other mental problems. We recommend future larger-scale research that includes females as well.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Scorpion envenomation is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in children and elderly worldwide. In Saudi Arabia it is an important issue as the climate and the desert terrain are ideal for scorpions' habitat. METHODS: A literature review of articles on the incidence of scorpion stings in Saudi Arabia. RESULTS: In Saudi Arabia, 28 species of scorpions were identified. Approximately 14,500 scorpion stings are annually reported, with full recovery and low morbidity and mortality rates. The highest risk groups to get envenomated are people living in the desert. And the highest incidence of scorpion stings was during the summer season. CONCLUSION: The number of scorpion stings in Saudi Arabia is considerable and there were insufficient studies regarding such topic. The aim of this study is to emphasize on the importance of scorpion stings in Saudi Arabia and providing updates regarding scorpion types, clinical presentations, and statistical data.
