Evaluating the content and face validity of Arabic-translated Patient Measures of Safety survey PMOS-30.

BACKGROUND: The importance of patient perception of patient safety has been proven as an active role in promoting safety and predicting harm. Patients play a vital role in the healthcare sector and the impact of patient perception of patient safety has been repetitively proven in the literature to be for its effectiveness in predicting harm and promoting safety. Nonetheless, there is limited knowledge about the specific insights patients can provide concerning safety within Arab countries. Therefore, improving and strengthening active patient participation by including patients' perceptions of safety could offer novel contributions to the realm of patient safety. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the validity of the Arabic version of the PMOS-30. METHOD: The forward-backward translation procedure was used to translate and validate the PMOS-30. Mix methods were used to assess the validity of the translated version. The expert raters evaluated the content validity and interviews were conducted with in-patients to assess the face validity. Test-retest approach was conducted to pilot the final Arabic version. RESULTS: Data of face validity from 13 participants for the first test and 5 participants for the re-test was collected and showed an improvement in the clarity rate (71.50% and 94.66% respectively). With respect to the content validity of the final version, the CVI was 0.92, indicating excellent relevant results. CONCLUSION: The final version of the revised was approved by the expert to be a valid tool to measure patient perceptions of patient safety in Arabic-speaking patients to be utilized on patient safety improvement initiatives.

What Do We Know About Patient Safety Culture in Saudi Arabia? A Descriptive Study.

BACKGROUND: Patient safety is described as the prevention and mitigation of medical errors that can result in harm while a patient is receiving care. One important way to improve safety is through improving the patient safety culture in healthcare. The purposes of this study are to evaluate the patient safety culture trend in Saudi Arabia and assess the improvement over time. METHODS: This study is a descriptive study that used a retrospective analysis of a national data set for 3 cycles from 2019 to 2022. To generate a baseline and allow comparison of the hospital's survey results with the aggregated findings from the database, the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles were calculated to set the percentage of values. RESULT: Our results found that one of the barriers to developing a strong patient safety culture in Saudi Arabia is management support of patient safety, which caused a blame culture. This could explain the absence of improvement in the average percentage of reporting patient safety events for all 3 cycles. On the other hand, a decrease was observed in organizational learning/continuous improvement as well as a reduction in the positive percentage of patient safety ratings in the last cycle. Moreover, areas of strength in all 3 cycles did not reach the 75th percentile, whereas staffing and response to error domains remained the lowest-scoring composites in all cycles. CONCLUSION: Our results have determined the percentile of the positive rate that could guide hospitals to improve their culture survey results. More investigations can focus on change over the years in both patient safety culture and the effectiveness of implementing interventions to measure the impact on quality of care.

The Impact of a Patient Participating in Evaluating Patient Safety by Using the Patient Measure of Safety in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: Patient safety is an essential element for delivering quality of healthcare. Many studies focus on measuring patient safety from the healthcare provider's perspective to improve patient safety in healthcare facilities. However, patient participation may reduce medical errors and improve patient safety by providing information regarding the safety of their care. This study aimed to evaluate patient safety from the inpatients' perspective and the extent of the influence of the sociodemographic factors on their assessment. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at hospitals in different Saudi Arabian regions with 1569 inpatient adults 18 years of older who voluntarily completed an online questionnaire using the Patient Measure of Safety tool (Arabic translated). Two questions were added to assess patient feedback about the overall perception of safety and witnessing patient safety events. COVID-19 patients and those with a mental disorder or incapable of providing informed consent were excluded. RESULT: The total number of participants was 1569 inpatients from 17 hospitals. Sixty-one percent of the participants were female, and 41.62% were from the 18- to 35-year age group. Less than half (38.69%) of patients stayed at the hospital between 3 and 5 days. Percentages of positive responses were more than 90% observed in dignity and respect, communication and teamworking, and organization and care planning domains. Percentages of negative responses were more than 20% found in organization and care planning, access to resources, and ward type and layout domains. Among the respondents, 57.3% (n = 899) rated the safety of their wards as excellent as opposed to 2.9% (n = 46) who rated it as poor. Approximately 5% (n = 79) have noticed 1 event, and 2.3% (n = 36) have noticed 2 or 3 events. Unemployed participants had a significantly lower rate of positive responses in domains of communication, access to resources, and ward type. In contrast, the no-schooling group had a significantly greater rate of negative responses in care planning and ward-type domains. CONCLUSIONS: The patient plays a key role in enhancing the quality of care and has the potential to detect adverse events. The study highlighted the need to focus on better communication processes for patients with low education levels to enhance their engagement in their care. Further steps should be taken to understand the extent of the patient's involvement in the improvement that could be tackled from feedback on the safety of care.

Fat mass prediction equations and reference ranges for Saudi Arabian Children aged 8-12 years using machine technique method.

BACKGROUND: The number of children with obesity has increased in Saudi Arabia, which is a significant public health concern. Early diagnosis of childhood obesity and screening of the prevalence is needed using a simple in situ method. This study aims to generate statistical equations to predict body fat percentage (BF%) for Saudi children by employing machine learning technology and to establish gender and age-specific body fat reference range. METHODS: Data was combined from two cross-sectional studies conducted in Saudi Arabia for 1,292 boys and girls aged 8-12 years. Body fat was measured in both studies using bio-electrical impedance analysis devices. Height and weight were measured and body mass index was calculated and classified according to CDC 2,000 charts. A total of 603 girls and 374 boys were randomly selected for the learning phase, and 153 girls and 93 boys were employed in the validation set. Analyses of different machine learning methods showed that an accurate, sensitive model could be created. Two regression models were trained and fitted with the construction samples and validated. Gradient boosting algorithm was employed to achieve a better estimation and produce the equations, then the root means squared error (RMSE) equation was performed to decrease the error. Body fat reference ranges were derived for children aged 8-12 years. RESULTS: For the gradient boosting models, the predicted fat percentage values were more aligned with the true value than those in regression models. Gradient boosting achieved better performance than the regression equation as it combined multiple simple models into a single composite model to take advantage of that weak classifier. The developed predictive model archived RMSE of 3.12 for girls and 2.48 boys. BF% and Fat mass index charts were presented in which cut-offs for 5th, 75th and 95th centiles are used to define 'under-fat', 'normal', 'overfat' and 'subject with obesity'. CONCLUSION: Machine learning models could represent a significant advancement for investigators studying adiposity-related issues in children. These models and newly developed centile charts could be useful tools for the estimation and classification of BF%.