Comparative transmission of two cucumber mosaic virus isolates by two color morphs of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris).

UNLABELLED:  Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is one of the most important legume-infecting viruses, which is transmitted effectively by pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hem: Aphididae). Transmission efficiency of two CMV isolates (As and Kh from cowpea and bean hosts, resp.) by red and green color morphs of pea aphid were evaluated on bean plants. Triple-antibody sandwich ELISA (TAS-ELISA) using CMV-specific monoclonal antibodies revealed that both CMV isolates belonged to the serotype II. Bean plants inoculated by viruliferous aphids were assayed by double-antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS-ELISA) at 16 days post inoculation (dpi). The results showed that the transmission rate of CMV-As by the red morph was significantly higher than by the green morph, resulting in significantly higher transmission rate of the virus (As + Kh) by the red morph than by the green morph, with p≤ 0.1. Similarly, the efficiency of CMV transmission by the red morph of A. pisum was higher than the efficiency of transmission by the green morph. The higher transmission rate and efficiency of CMV by red pea aphid would be important in the epidemiology. Based on these results, we hypothesize that the transmission efficiency of CMV is affected more by the difference in transmission determinants of A. pisum color morphs than by the sequence of virus coat protein determinants. KEYWORDS: Aphididae; Bromoviridae; color polymorphism; transmission efficiency.

EEG examination during delirium tremens.

In 30 male patients several EEG examinations could be carried out during delirium tremens (d.t.) or shortly thereafter. Most of the patients showed a normal EEG or changes which can be explained with regard to sedation through medication. 1 patient showed generalized paroxysmal spike wave bursts. On account of experimental results, we may assume that a transitory cerebral excitibality change occures in d.t. This pathophysiological basis explains the normal EEGs and paroxysmal bursts during d.t. 4 cases showed passages of pronounced diffuse slow activity during d.t. partly accompanied by thythmic bilateral slow waves. These changes point to a complication of d.t. that occurs because of another disease which results in cerebral functional disturbances as in other organic psychoses.

[Productive films in patient groups]. / Kurzform des Vortrages über produktives Filmen in einer Patientengruppe

For 3 years I have been trying to establish creative teamwork with a group of drug-addicted adolescents with the aim of stimulating imagination by visual means, thus enlightening hidden problems, and showing a way to self-representation. Especially with these patients an attitude of mistrust makes verbal access difficult. The group consists of some eight adolescents of about the same age, with whom I in no way try to interfere through provocation. We meet twice a week. On one day we discuss ideas, scripts and technical problems, the other day being dedicated to the practical side. My position in the group equals that of the hierarchic dynamic basic formula according to Raoul Schindler. The group is allocentric, work being aimed at common achievement. We try to create a feeling of solidarity, reduce tensions, and encourage individual relationships. So far we have accomplished four films. Teamwork has helped us to come to know each other better. The interpersonal relationships have improved. The barrier between doctor and patient has been completely obliterated.