ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Purpose: Ocular disorders are among the most frequent manifestations of psoriatic arthritis. The incidence, type, and severity of these disorders may be influenced by genetics, local environmental factors, and access to ophthalmic treatment. Here we describe the ocular manifestations of psoriatic arthritis among denizens of the Amazon region of Para, Brazil, treated by the rheumatology service of Universidade do Estado do Pará. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined 23 psoriatic arthritis patients (median age 47.78 years, no sex predominance) diagnosed according to Caspar's criteria. Disease activity was evaluated according to the Clinical Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis. Ophthalmological examinations performed included visual acuity with distance correction, biomicroscopy, applanation tonometry, fundoscopy, Schirmer test I, tear breakup time, fluorescein staining, and lissamine green staining. Patients also completed The Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire. Results: The most common ophthalmic disorders were dry eye (60.9%), cataracts (56.5%), blepharitis (47.8%), keratitis (43.5%), meibomitis (30.4%), pterygium (26, 1%), and pinguecula (13%). More than half of all patients demonstrated recent onset (>5 years), the peripheral disease type, and severe symptoms according to Clinical Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis. Conclusion: The ocular manifestations of psoriatic arthritis are varied and mainly affect the ocular surface. Regular ophthalmological follow-up is recommended for patients in the early stage with high disease activity.
RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever as manifestações oftalmológicas observadas em pacientes com artrite psoriásica atendidos no Serviço de Reumatologia da Universidade do Estado do Pará. Métodos: Estudo transversal. A amostra foi composta por 23 pacientes com artrite psoriásica, segundo os critérios de Caspar, atendidos no ambulatório de reumatologia da Universidade do Estado do Pará. Para avaliação da atividade de doença foi aplicado o Clinical Disease Activity index for Psoriatic Arthritis e, posteriormente, foi realizado o exame oftalmológico (acuidade visual com correção para distância, biomicroscopia, tonometria de aplanação de Goldmann, fundoscopia, teste de Schirmer I, tempo de ruptura do filme lacrimal, lissamina verde e questionário The Ocular Surface Disease Index). Resultados: Nesta pesquisa não houve predomínio entre os sexos e a população tinha uma mediana de idade de 47,78 anos. As manifestações mais comuns foram olho seco (60,9%), catarata (56,5%), blefarite (47,8%), ceratite (43,5%), meibomite (30,4%) e pterígio (26,1%). Conclusão: As manifestações oculares encontradas em pacientes com artrite psoriásica são variadas e afetam sobretudo a superfície ocular; no entanto, são clinicamente subestimadas; por isso recomenda-se o acompanhamento oftalmológico regular e periódico para pacientes com artrite psoriásica.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Ocular disorders are among the most frequent manifestations of psoriatic arthritis. The incidence, type, and severity of these disorders may be influenced by genetics, local environmental factors, and access to ophthalmic treatment. Here we describe the ocular manifestations of psoriatic arthritis among denizens of the Amazon region of Para, Brazil, treated by the rheumatology service of Universidade do Estado do Pará. METHODS: This cross-sectional study examined 23 psoriatic arthritis patients (median age 47.78 years, no sex predominance) diagnosed according to Caspar's criteria. Disease activity was evaluated according to the Clinical Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis. Ophthalmological examinations performed included visual acuity with distance correction, biomicroscopy, applanation tonometry, fundoscopy, Schirmer test I, tear breakup time, fluorescein staining, and lissamine green staining. Patients also completed The Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire. RESULTS: The most common ophthalmic disorders were dry eye (60.9%), cataracts (56.5%), blepharitis (47.8%), keratitis (43.5%), meibomitis (30.4%), pterygium (26, 1%), and pinguecula (13%). More than half of all patients demonstrated recent onset (>5 years), the peripheral disease type, and severe symptoms according to Clinical Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis. CONCLUSION: The ocular manifestations of psoriatic arthritis are varied and mainly affect the ocular surface. Regular ophthalmological follow-up is recommended for patients in the early stage with high disease activity.
Subject(s)
Arthritis, Psoriatic , Dry Eye Syndromes , Arthritis, Psoriatic/complications , Arthritis, Psoriatic/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dry Eye Syndromes/etiology , Fluorescein , Humans , Middle Aged , TearsABSTRACT
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most prevalent cancer in the world in which nonmelanoma skin cases are not considered. Different epigenetic mechanisms play a role in the development of cancer. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are RNA molecules transcribed from noncoding regions of the genome. These are divided into sncRNAs (small noncoding RNAs: <200 nucleotides - including miRNAs [microRNAs], siRNAs [small interfering RNAs], piRNAs [piwi-interacting RNAs], snoRNAs [small nucleolar RNAs]) and lncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs: >200 nucleotides - includingcircular RNAs [circRNAs]). NcRNAs can act as oncogenes or as tumor suppressor genes in CRC and are potential biomarkers of diagnosis, with possible clinical implications. This article aims to conduct a general review of all types of non-coding RNAs and their influence in colorectal cancer, focus on biomarkers of CRC and their possible applications in clinical practice, as well as review their biogenesis and functions. Furthermore, we seek to summarize possible databases available for new searches and studies that require sequence annotation, comparison sequences and target prediction for ncRNAs with the hope of gathering information that can aid in the process of understanding and translating the use of ncRNAs into clinical practice.
