Infectious diseases affecting occupational divers: review of 2017 literature.

BACKGROUND: Occupational divers are prone to many health risks. For instance, they can get infections. We reviewed the infectious diseases in occupational divers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a literature review which went on up to 31.12.2017. The research was carried out on Medline and Scopus databases, in French and English languages. RESULTS: Fifteen papers report cases of infections in occupational divers. They are mainly skin infections, but also ear-nose-throat and ophthalmological infections. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: According to data collected, infections among occupational divers are quite scarce. These diseases are not specific to the workplace, and are comparable with data on recreational diving. Prevention is mainly based on hygiene and equipment maintenance.

[Sexual abuse and chemical submission, a present-day problem]. / Agressions sexuelles et soumissions chimiques, un problème d'actualité.

CHEMICAL SUBMISSION: Certain forms of sexual abuse have recourse to molecules in order to obtain the victim's submission. These fast-acting, muscle-relaxing and sedative molecules, provoke anterograde amnesia that makes subsequent legal enquiries difficult. These products can be combined with alcohol or other addictive substances, therefore facilitating their administration, without the victim knowing, and enhancing their effects. THE MOLECULES USED: Among these molecules, hydroxybutyrate and its derivatives as well as benzodiazepines, with flunitrazepam, are frequently mentioned and detected. However, many other sedative molecules can be used to obtain chemical submission. MANAGEMENT OF THE VICTIMS: Knowledge of the facts and concomitant symptoms facilitates the medical and medico-legal management of the victims, generally encountered in hospital emergency wards. The quality and quantity of toxicological samples permit the use of efficient and validated techniques in organizing medico-legal enquiries.