ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic capacity of pulmonary angiography with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and iodine mapping in the diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in patients with Covid-19 disease. METHODS: Retrospective observational study of 81 consecutive patients admitted with Covid-19 respiratory infection who underwent MDCT for clinical suspicion of PTE (sudden dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis, severe respiratory failure (SRF) not corrected with high O2 flow) and/or raised D-dimer. RESULTS: Of the 81 patients studied [64 (79.01%) men], acute PTE was identified in 22 (27.16%), bilaterally in 13 (59.09%), and 13 (59,09%) showed areas of hypoperfusion. Of the 59 (72.83%) patients without PTE, hypoperfusion was observed in 41 (69.49%) (attributable in one case to pulmonary emphysema). In 18 (22.2%) of the total number of patients, neither PTE nor hypoperfusion were seen. A crazy paving pattern is a risk factor for developing PTE (OR 1.94; 95% CI 0.28-13.57), as are consolidations (OR 1.44; 95% CI 0.24-8.48) and septal thickening/bronchiectasis (OR 1.47; 95% CI 0.12-17.81).Patients with O2-refractory SRF showed a 6.36-fold higher risk for hypoperfusion on the iodine map. CONCLUSION: By adding the functional image to the anatomical image, pulmonary angiography with MDCT and iodine mapping can demonstrate not only PTE in main, lobar and segmental arteries, but also the presence of hypoperfusion in distal vessels. This makes it a highly useful tool for the accurate diagnosis and therapeutic orientation of patients with Covid-19 lung involvement.
ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Evaluar la capacidad diagnóstica de la angiografía pulmonar con tomografía computarizada multidetector (TCMD) y mapa de yodo en el diagnóstico del tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP), en pacientes con enfermedad por coronavirus COVID-19. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional retrospectivo sobre 81 pacientes consecutivos ingresados con infección respiratoria por COVID-19, a los que se realizó TCMD ante la sospecha clínica de TEP [disnea súbita, dolor torácico, hemoptisis, insuficiencia respiratoria grave (IRG) que no corrige con flujo elevado de O2] y/o elevación del D-dímero. RESULTADOS: De los 81 pacientes estudiados, 64 (79,01%) varones, identificamos TEP agudo en 22 (27,16%), en 13 (59,09%) bilateral y en 13 (59,09%) con áreas de hipoperfusión. De los 59 (72,83%) pacientes sin TEP en 41 (69,49%) se observó hipoperfusión (en un caso atribuible a enfisema pulmonar). En 18 (22,2%) del total de pacientes no se vio ni TEP ni hipoperfusión. El patrón «crazy paving» es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar TEP (OR1,94; IC95% 0,28-13,57), así como los patrones «consolidaciones» (OR 1,44; I C95% 0,24-8,48) y «engrosamiento septos/bronquiectasias» (OR 1,47; IC 95% 0,12-17,81). Los pacientes con IRG refractaria al O2 mostraron un riesgo 6,36 veces superior para el hallazgo de hipoperfusión en el mapa de yodo. CONCLUSIÓN: La angiografía pulmonar con TCMD y mapa de yodo, al añadir la imagen funcional a la anatómica, es capaz de demostrar, además del TEP en arterias principales, lobares y segmentarias, la presencia de hipoperfusión en vasos distales, lo cual la convierte en una herramienta de gran utilidad para la adecuada orientación diagnóstica y terapéutica de los pacientes con afectación pulmonar por COVID-19
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic capacity of pulmonary angiography with multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and iodine mapping in the diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) in patients with Covid-19 disease. METHODS: Retrospective observational study of 81 consecutive patients admitted with Covid-19 respiratory infection who underwent MDCT for clinical suspicion of PTE (sudden dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis, severe respiratory failure (SRF) not corrected with high O2 flow) and/or raised D-dimer. RESULTS: Of the 81 patients studied [64 (79.01%) men], acute PTE was identified in 22 (27.16%), bilaterally in 13 (59.09%), and 13 (59,09%) showed areas of hypoperfusion. Of the 59 (72.83%) patients without PTE, hypoperfusion was observed in 41 (69.49%) (attributable in one case to pulmonary emphysema). In 18 (22.2%) of the total number of patients, neither PTE nor hypoperfusion were seen. A crazy paving pattern is a risk factor for developing PTE (OR 1.94; 95% CI 0.28-13.57), as are consolidations (OR 1.44; 95% CI 0.24-8.48) and septal thickening/bronchiectasis (OR 1.47; 95% CI 0.12-17.81). Patients with O2-refractory SRF showed a 6.36-fold higher risk for hypoperfusion on the iodine map. CONCLUSION: By adding the functional image to the anatomical image, pulmonary angiography with MDCT and iodine mapping can demonstrate not only PTE in main, lobar and segmental arteries, but also the presence of hypoperfusion in distal vessels. This makes it a highly useful tool for the accurate diagnosis and therapeutic orientation of patients with Covid-19 lung involvement
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Coronavirus Infections/diagnostic imaging , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/diagnostic imaging , Iodine , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging , Pulmonary Embolism/virology , Computed Tomography Angiography , Multidetector Computed Tomography , Severity of Illness Index , Retrospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
AIM: To report the outcome and toxicity of sequential stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for multiple liver metastases in patients treated with ExacTrac Adaptive Gating. BACKGROUND: In selected patients with a limited number of liver metastases, SBRT has been evaluated as a safe and effective treatment, with minimal toxicity and high rates of local control. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From April 2008 to October 2013, 21 patients with multiple (3-14) liver metastases (n = 101) were treated sequentially with SBRT at our institution. Maximum tumor diameter was 7.5 cm. Prior to treatment, internal markers were placed inside or near the tumor. CT or PET-CT simulation was used for the definition of gross tumor volume (GTV). Median planning target volume was 32.3 cc (3.6-139.3 cc). Treatment consisted of 3 fractions (12-20 Gy/fraction) or 5 fractions (10 Gy/fraction), prescribed to the 90-95% of the PTV volume. Daily intra-fraction image guidance was performed with ExacTrac Adaptive Gating. Regular follow-up included CT or PET-CT imaging. RESULTS: After a median of 23.2 months, the estimated local control rate was 94.4%, 80.6%, 65% and 65% after 1, 2, 3 and 4 years; the median overall survival was 62 months (95% CI 49.12-74.87) and the actuarial survival reached at 60 months was 57.6%. The univariate data analysis revealed that only primary histology other than colorectal adenocarcinoma was shown as an independent significant prognostic factor for local control (p = 0.022). Number of treated metastases did not modify significantly the overall survival (p = 0.51). No toxicity higher than G3 (1 patient with chest wall pain) and no radiation-induced liver disease were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Sequential SBRT with ExacTrac Adaptive Gating for multiple liver metastases can be considered an effective, safe therapeutic option, with a low treatment-related toxicity. Excellent rates of local control and survival were obtained.
