ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: Frente al aumento del número de casos de enfermedad boca-mano-pie (EBMP) entre la población preescolar a finales del 2011 y principios del 2012 y la presencia de onicomadesis, se planteó como objetivo describir el brote epidémico y analizar los factores de riesgo de enfermar y de presentar onicomadesis. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Se diseñó un estudio descriptivo y analítico caso-control. La población de estudio fue de 376 niños entre 6 y 36 meses adscritos a la zona básica de salud de Peligros (Granada). INTERVENCIONES: encuesta epidemiológica a 28 casos y controles, recogiendo variables de persona, lugar y tiempo; toma de medias preventivas y educación sanitaria. Estudio microbiológico viral de muestras de heces. RESULTADOS: El 64% fueron niñas con edad media de 20,8 meses. La clínica fue de fiebre (75%), lesiones vesiculares en manos (71%), pies (68%), boca (64%) y caída de uñas (46%). El riesgo de enfermar fue de 14 veces más en aquellos que acudían a guardería y tuvieron contacto con enfermos (odds ratio ajustada 13,8; IC del 95%, 3,79-50,18). El tiempo medio desde inicio de síntomas y la onicomadesis fue de 52 días y su presencia estaba asociada a la presencia de úlceras en boca (p = 0,006). Cinco muestras fueron positivas a enterovirus Coxsackie A16. CONCLUSIÓN: Existió un brote de EBMP detectado por los propios pediatras y familiares con una clínica llamativa y presencia de onicomadesis, que fue la que generó la alarma social. La causa del brote fue un enterovirus Coxsackie A16 transmitido entre casos conocidos con la enfermedad y en guarderías
INTRODUCTION: Due to the significant increase in the number of cases of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) among pre-school children population during late 2011 and early 2012. A study has been proposed with the aim of describing the HFMD outbreak and analyzing the risk factors associated with suffering onychomadesis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A descriptive and analytical case-control study was designed. The study population was 376 children between 6 and 36 months old, living in the Basic Health Catchment area of Peligros (Granada). The study inclued an epidemiological survey of 28 cases and paired controls in order to collect data on the time, person and place, and implementing preventive actions and family health education. Finally a microbiological viral study of stool samples was made. RESULTS: There were 64% of girls with average age 20.8 months. The clinical signs fornd were, fever (75%), vesicular palmar eruption (71%), plantar eruption (68%), erosive stomatitis (64%), and nail loss (46%). The risk of getting sick was 14 times greater for those children attending a childcare centre and had contact with sick cases (OR 13.8; 95% CI; 3.79-50.18). The average time since onset of symptoms and onychomadesis was 52 days, and its appearance was linked to the presence of ulcers in mouth (P=.006). Five samples were positive to enteroviruses Coxsackie A16. CONCLUSION: There was an outbreak of HFMD detected by pediatricians and families. The cases presented with marked clinical symptoms, and the nail loss (onychomadesis) generated a social alarm. The cause of the outbreak was an enterovirus Coxsackie A16 transmitted among sick cases and through childcare centres
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Infant , Disease Outbreaks , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/complications , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/epidemiology , Nail Diseases/etiology , Enterovirus/classification , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/diagnosis , Case-Control Studies , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Parasitic Diseases/epidemiology , Parasitic Diseases/transmission , Giardiasis/microbiology , Cryptosporidium/microbiology , Epidemiological Monitoring/trends , Disease Outbreaks , Gastroenteritis/diagnosis , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Due to the significant increase in the number of cases of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) among pre-school children population during late 2011 and early 2012. A study has been proposed with the aim of describing the HFMD outbreak and analyzing the risk factors associated with suffering onychomadesis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A descriptive and analytical case-control study was designed. The study population was 376 children between 6 and 36 months old, living in the Basic Health Catchment area of Peligros (Granada). The study inclued an epidemiological survey of 28 cases and paired controls in order to collect data on the time, person and place, and implementing preventive actions and family health education. Finally a microbiological viral study of stool samples was made. RESULTS: There were 64% of girls with average age 20.8 months. The clinical signs fornd were, fever (75%), vesicular palmar eruption (71%), plantar eruption (68%), erosive stomatitis (64%), and nail loss (46%). The risk of getting sick was 14 times greater for those children attending a childcare centre and had contact with sick cases (OR 13.8; 95% CI; 3.79-50.18). The average time since onset of symptoms and onychomadesis was 52 days, and its appearance was linked to the presence of ulcers in mouth (P=.006). Five samples were positive to enteroviruses Coxsackie A16. CONCLUSION: There was an outbreak of HFMD detected by pediatricians and families. The cases presented with marked clinical symptoms, and the nail loss (onychomadesis) generated a social alarm. The cause of the outbreak was an enterovirus Coxsackie A16 transmitted among sick cases and through childcare centres.
Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/complications , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/epidemiology , Nail Diseases/etiology , Case-Control Studies , Child, Preschool , Enterovirus/classification , Female , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/diagnosis , Humans , Infant , Male , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: La escarlatina es una enfermedad estreptocócica que se caracteriza por un exantema infantil. Puede ser endémica, epidémica o esporádica. En abril del 2012, los responsables de un colegio de infantil y primaria de Granada notificaron un brote de escarlatina en el centro educativo. OBJETIVO: Describir el brote de escarlatina, analizar las características epidemiológicas y clínicas del mismo y exponer cuáles fueron las medidas de prevención que se tomaron para su control. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de caso-control. Se elaboró una encuesta para la ocasión. Se usaron los programas R, Epidat 3.1 y Microsoft Excel. RESULTADOS: Estudio compuesto por 13 casos y 30 controles. La tasa de ataque fue 3,9%. Solo se encontró asociación con la variable «familiares afectados». CONCLUSIÓN: Se ha producido un brote confirmado de escarlatina con transmisión persona a persona, cuyo principal factor de riesgo fue tener un familiar con faringoamigdalitis
INTRODUCTION: Scarlet fever is a streptococcal disease characterized by a skin rash in children. It can be endemic, epidemic or sporadic. In April 2012, the headmaster of a primary school in Granada reported an outbreak of scarlet fever in the school. OBJECTIVE: To describe an outbreak of scarlet fever, analyse its epidemiological and clinical characteristics, and present the preventive measures taken to control it. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A case-control study was conducted using an ad hoc questionnaire, developed or this purpose. The R program, Epidat 3.1 and Microsoft Excel were used for the statistics analysis. RESULTS: There were 13 cases and 30 controls. The attack rate was 3.9%. There was a statistically significant difference for the variable ''relative affected''. CONCLUSION: There has been a confirmed outbreak of person-to-person transmitted scarlet fever, and the main risk factor was having a relative with tonsillitis
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Scarlet Fever/epidemiology , Streptococcal Infections/epidemiology , Streptococcus pyogenes/pathogenicity , Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data , School Health ServicesABSTRACT
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Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Child, Preschool , Emergency Treatment/methods , Bites and Stings/epidemiology , Rabies/prevention & control , Rabies Vaccines/administration & dosage , Emergency Medical ServicesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Scarlet fever is a streptococcal disease characterized by a skin rash in children. It can be endemic, epidemic or sporadic. In April 2012, the headmaster of a primary school in Granada reported an outbreak of scarlet fever in the school. OBJECTIVE: To describe an outbreak of scarlet fever, analyse its epidemiological and clinical characteristics, and present the preventive measures taken to control it. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A case-control study was conducted using an ad hoc questionnaire, developed for this purpose. The R program, Epidat 3.1 and Microsoft Excel were used for the statistics analysis. RESULTS: There were 13 cases and 30 controls. The attack rate was 3.9%. There was a statistically significant difference for the variable "relative affected". CONCLUSION: There has been a confirmed outbreak of person-to-person transmitted scarlet fever, and the main risk factor was having a relative with tonsillitis.
Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks , Scarlet Fever/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Public Sector , Risk Factors , Scarlet Fever/diagnosis , Scarlet Fever/prevention & control , Schools , Spain/epidemiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinical, socioeconomic, dietary, and hygienic predictors of the increasing Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index, in a cohort of school children in Loja, Granada, Spain, during a three-year period (1994-1997). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 812 students to measure the DMFT index, using the methods recommended by the World Health Organization. Statistical analysis was conducted using logistic regression models. RESULTS: During the study period, the DMFT index increased from 1.86 to 4.5 for the study cohort as a whole, and from 3.71 to 4.47 among twelve-year olds. The DMFT at mid-period was associated to an increase in the final DMFT. The relative risk for attending school no. 3 was 0.69 (95% CI 0.60-0.8) vs. school no. 4, and 0.78 (95% CI 0.67-0.90) vs. school no. 5. CONCLUSIONS: The final model showed that the DMFT at mid-period was a risk factor for an increase in the DMFT index and that attending school number 3 was a protective factor.
