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1.
Rev. esp. anestesiol. reanim ; 49(4): 213-217, abr. 2002.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-13966

ABSTRACT

A una mujer de 70 años, obesa e hipertensa en tratamiento con inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (IECA) y clortalidona, pero sin antecedentes de tratamiento corticoideo ni enfermedad del eje hipotálamohipófiso-suprarrenal, se le realizó una nefrectomía más suprarrenalectomía bajo anestesia combinada: general y peridural. Presentó una hipotensión arterial grave con oliguria intraoperatoria, que continuó en el postoperatorio junto al desarrollo de anuria, acidosis metabólica, hiponatremia e hiperpotasemia. Aunque inicialmente el cuadro se atribuyó al tratamiento previo con IECA más diuréticos junto a la anestesia combinada, la refractariedad a la administración de cristaloides, coloides e inotrópicos catecolamínicos, con respuesta parcial a la efedrina y el desarrollo de anuria, acidosis metabólica, hiponatremia e hiperpotasemia, nos hizo pensar en la concurrencia de una crisis addisoniana. Tras extraer muestras para determinar cortisol y ACTH, se inició el tratamiento con hidrocortisona. La respuesta al tratamiento junto al cortisol descendido confirmaron el diagnóstico de insuficiencia suprarrenal. En los pacientes sometidos a una nefrectomía más suprarrenalectomía por hipernefroma, se ha observado que la suprarrenal contralateral compensa la secreción endógena del cortisol, por esto no se recomienda tratamiento sustitutivo. Por otra parte, se han descrito crisis addisonianas perioperatorias en pacientes sometidos a cirugías con estrés quirúrgico importante. También se han visto hipotensiones graves en los pacientes tratados crónicamente con IECA tras la inducción de la anestesia general y tras la anestesia epidural con anestésicos locales. En este caso la conjunción de todos estos factores dificultó el diagnóstico y la rápida instauración del tratamiento adecuado (AU)


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Nephrectomy , Lisinopril , Obesity , Pyelonephritis , Anuria , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors , Chlorthalidone , Diagnosis, Differential , Adrenalectomy , Hydrocortisone , Hypertension , Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System , Pituitary-Adrenal System , Diuretics , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
2.
Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim ; 49(4): 213-7, 2002 Apr.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14606383

ABSTRACT

A 70-year-old obese, hypertensive woman taking angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and chlorthalidone but with no history of corticosteroid treatment or hypothalamus-hypophyseal-adrenal disease, underwent nephrectomy and adrenalectomy under combined general and epidural anesthesia. Severe hypotension with oliguria developed during surgery and persisted during postoperative recovery, with anuria, metabolic acidosis, hyponatremia and hyperpotassemia. Although the symptoms were initially attributed to prior treatment with ACE inhibitors and diuretics together with combined anesthesia, the patient's lack of response to crystalloid, colloid and inotropic catecholamine therapy in the context of anuria, metabolic acidosis, hyponatremia and hyperpotassemia led us to consider a diagnosis of Addisonian crisis. Blood samples were taken to determine adrenocorticotropic hormone levels, and hydrocortisone treatment was started. The patient responded to treatment and cortisol levels fell, confirming the diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency. Compensatory endrocrine secretion of cortisol by the contralateral adrenal gland has been observed in patients undergoing nephrectomy and adrenalectomy for excision of a hypernephroma, and replacement therapy is therefore not recommended. Perioperative Addisonian crises have also been described in patients suffering great surgical stress, and severe hypotension has been observed in patients on long-term treatment with ACE inhibitors after induction of general anesthesia and after epidural anesthesia with local anesthetics. The combination of these factors made rapid diagnosis and start of appropriate therapy difficult.


Subject(s)
Addison Disease/etiology , Adrenalectomy/adverse effects , Nephrectomy , Addison Disease/physiopathology , Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/blood , Aged , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/adverse effects , Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Anuria/etiology , Chlorthalidone/adverse effects , Chlorthalidone/therapeutic use , Diagnosis, Differential , Diuretics/adverse effects , Diuretics/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Hydrocortisone/metabolism , Hydrocortisone/therapeutic use , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/drug therapy , Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiopathology , Lisinopril/adverse effects , Lisinopril/therapeutic use , Obesity/complications , Pituitary-Adrenal System/physiopathology , Pyelonephritis/surgery
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