ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pericardial adipose tissue (PAT) is located on both sides of the pericardium. We tested whether PAT was associated with prevalent diabetes at the year 25 exam of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study. METHODS AND RESULTS: The CARDIA Year 25 exam (2010-2011) included complete data for all covariates on 3107 participants. Prevalent diabetes (n = 436) was defined as high fasting (≥126 mg/dl) or 2-h postload glucose (≥200 mg/dl) or HbA1c (≥6.5%) or use of diabetes medications. Volume of PAT was measured from computed tomographic scans. Logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between quartiles of PAT and diabetes. In regression models adjusted for field center, sex, race, age, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, log triglycerides, and treatment with blood pressure and cholesterol lowering medication, PAT volume in the 4th quartile was significantly associated with diabetes status after adjustment for BMI (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.66, 3.98) or visceral adipose tissue (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.32, 3.29). PAT volume in the 2nd and 3rd quartiles was not significantly associated with diabetes status relative to the first quartile. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolically active pericardial adipose tissue is associated with prevalent diabetes only at higher volumes independent of overall obesity.
Subject(s)
Adiposity , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Obesity/epidemiology , Adipose Tissue/metabolism , Adolescent , Adult , Blood Pressure , Body Mass Index , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Coronary Artery Disease/etiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Female , Humans , Intra-Abdominal Fat/metabolism , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Obesity/complications , Pericardium/metabolism , Prevalence , Triglycerides/blood , Waist Circumference , Young AdultABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Dental panoramic radiographs could be used to screen for osteopenia. We found the fractal dimension to be a good discriminator of osteopenia in both men and women but that the mandibular cortical width (MCW) did not perform as well in men. The fractal dimension may be a valid screening tool. INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic capability of the fractal dimension and MCW measured from dental panoramic radiographs in identifying men and women with decreased bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS: The MCW and fractal dimension were measured from dental panoramic radiographs as surrogates for BMD. These measures were then compared to the results from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) performed for clinical purposes. A total of 56 subjects with the panoramic radiograph taken within 6 months of the DXA exam were used in the analysis for this study. RESULTS: The area under the curve of the fractal dimension for identifying low BMD (T-score <-1.0) was 0.81 (0.67, 0.95) and 0.78 (0.49, 1.00) for men and women, respectively. For the MCW, the area under the curve was found to be 0.53 (0.34, 0.72) and 0.80 (0.58, 1.00) for men and women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In this largely male study population, the fractal dimension was found to be a good discriminator of low BMD in both men and women. The MCW did not perform as well in men.
