ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship of the polymorphism in Intron 7 G/C (rs 4253778) of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) gene with the magnitude of changes in the body composition of an overweight and obese population that underwent an aerobic training program. Fifty-eight previously inactive men and women, body mass index (BMI) 31.5 ± 2.8 kg/m2, 46.5% (n = 27) genotyped as CC genotype and 53.5% (n = 31) as CA+AA, underwent a 12-week aerobic training (walking/running). Aerobic capacity (ergospirometry), body composition (DXA), and nutritional assessment were made before and 48 h after the experimental protocol. Two-way ANOVA, chi-square test, and logistic regression were used (p < 0.05). Twenty-seven volunteers (46.5%) were identified as CC genotype and 31 (53.5%) as CA+AA genotype. Time-group interaction showed that there was no difference in these between two allele groups. However, differences in distribution of respondents or nonresponders according to allele A were identified for fat mass (p ≤ 0.003), percentage fat mass (p ≤ 0.002), the waist (p ≤ 0.009), abdomen (p ≤ 0.000), and hip (p ≤ 0.001), this difference being independent for the fat mass. Meanwhile, sex, age, and nutritional management have also been found to be influential factors. It is concluded that the PPARα gene is involved in varying body composition in response to an aerobic training program.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The best protocol for home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) is not well defined. In this study, we compare two protocols of HBPM considering 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) as a reference standard for the diagnosis of hypertension. METHODS: One hundred and fifty-eight patients were subjected to 24 h ABPM and to a 3-day (33 measurements) and a 5-day (27 measurements) HBPM protocol. Single-void urinary albumin concentration and echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass were also assessed. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure more than 135/85 mmHg for HBPM and more than 130/80 mmHg for ABPM. RESULTS: Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were higher for the 3-day HBPM protocol than the 5-day protocol. The area under the ROC curve (95% confidence interval) was 0.82 (0.75-0.90) for the 3-day protocol and 0.69 (0.60-0.78) for the 5-day protocol. Bland-Altman plots showed smaller dispersion for the 3-day protocol. The values of κ statistics were better with the 3-day HBPM. There was a better association between the 3-day protocol and urinary albumin concentration and left ventricular hypertrophy. CONCLUSION: A 3-day protocol of HBPM has better accuracy than a 5-day protocol for the diagnosis of hypertension considering ABPM as a reference standard.
